The diagnosis of obstructive azoospermia and the corresponding location of the obstruction can be confirmed by combining physical examination, semen laboratory results and ultrasound analysis, and surgery can be arranged once the diagnosis is made. To diagnose obstructive azoospermia, we do not need to do testicular and epididymal biopsy at Peking University Men’s Center, because biopsy will form adhesions, and surgery can only be done after three months when the adhesions are lighter, and puncture will also cause damage to the epididymis, making it more difficult to operate later. The cost of epididymal-vas deferens anastomosis under microscope is about 15,000 yuan, and generally about 2 weeks to 1 month can be about on. The internal diameter of the vas deferens in men is about 300μm, while the epididymal duct is only 150μm, and the suture used is finer than a hair, so microscopic surgery is a very delicate operation. The operating field is magnified through an operating microscope, and the surgeon sutures the vas deferens and the epididymal duct under the microscope to allow the sperm to pass through. Although the operation is difficult, the results of microsurgery are still very good. Generally speaking, 70 to 80% of patients can have the obstruction removed and the sperm duct recanalized through the surgery. After microsurgery, the most important concern of patients is whether they can successfully achieve semen recanalization. A spermatogenic cycle is three months, so patients need to have their semen routinely checked every three months after surgery until one year, and some patients have reported not finding sperm until 18 months. If no sperm is ever found, another procedure may be considered in conjunction with the patient’s intraoperative condition. The procedure is safe and has relatively few postoperative side effects. Some patients may experience swelling of the testicles, which is also transient and disappears quickly; the scars are very inconspicuous because the incision is made on the scrotum; and microsurgery does not affect sexual function and does not cause erectile dysfunction. In a few patients, epididymitis may be induced after surgery, which can be treated with antibiotics.