Couples who have not conceived after more than one year of marriage usually come to the hospital and after examination, if it is azoospermia, the patient must go to a large formal hospital. Azoospermia patients account for 10-20% of male infertility. For azoospermia, the doctor’s first task is to distinguish whether the patient is obstructive azoospermia or non-obstructive azoospermia. Generally, patients with obstructive azoospermia can get sperm through percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration and percutaneous testicular sperm aspiration, and then get their own children through assisted reproductive technology (IVF); in recent years, with the development of male reproductive microsurgery technology, for patients with obstructive azoospermia, the hospitals with mature technology nowadays can take the microscopic vas deferens end-to-end anastomosis, microscopic With microscopic vas deferens end-to-end anastomosis and microscopic vas deferens epididymis anastomosis, patients can get their own offspring through natural pregnancy, eliminating the need for huge capital and energy. Patients with non-obstructive azoospermia have not been able to get a good solution to their fertility problems because of the relative scarcity of sperm in the sperm bank. With the advancement of microsperm extraction and assisted reproduction technology, patients with non-obstructive azoospermia can obtain sperm through microsperm extraction, and then undergo intracytoplasmic monosperm injection to get their blood relatives’ offspring. Even patients who were theoretically infertile before have the possibility of obtaining their own children now that microscopic techniques have made great strides. With a better understanding of the causes of male infertility, it has been found that more than 70% of male infertility can be treated by microsurgery or combined assisted reproduction techniques (IVF/ICSI). Microsurgical techniques in male reproduction have brought unprecedented hope to the majority of male infertility patients, especially those with oligospermia and azoospermia.