Ten renal cancer subtypes have different manifestations on imaging, and they have similar clinical and imaging manifestations with some other renal tumors and tumor-like lesions. At present, the detection of blood tumor markers is not helpful for the diagnosis of renal cancer. Clear cell carcinoma, multifocal clear cell carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, suspicious cell carcinoma and uncategorized carcinoma account for about 98% of kidney cancer, which have more characteristic manifestations on CT and MRI. Clear cell carcinoma has more blood supply and is not homogeneous; multihoused clear cell carcinoma is multihoused and cystic with small wall nodules; papillary carcinoma has less blood supply and is not homogeneous; suspicious cell carcinoma has less blood supply and is more homogeneous; unclassified carcinoma has more blood supply, is not homogeneous and invasive growth. Other more common renal tumors and tumor-like lesions that need to be differentially diagnosed from renal cancer include less fatty vascular smooth muscle lipoma (renal vascular smooth muscle lipoma was once called renal malignancy), eosinophilic tumor, metastases, complex cysts, infectious lesions, hematomas, and renal pelvis cancer (pelvic cancer, including calyx cancer, is pathologically and clinically two different types of tumors from renal cancer, and the treatment methods are also different. (the scope of surgery is much larger than that of renal cancer). Based on the medical history and other relevant information, they can be distinguished from kidney cancer. The traditional treatment for kidney cancer is radical nephrectomy. With the development and application of imaging technology, most cases of kidney cancer are discovered accidentally during physical examination or routine examination for other diseases, and the lesions are often small, without adjacent organs and distant metastases, so minimally invasive treatment methods to preserve kidney units can be used, such as partial nephrectomy or tumor enucleation under laparoscopy, radiofrequency ablation therapy, laser therapy, cryotherapy, high energy focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy, etc. treatment and so on. The prognosis of kidney cancer is closely related to its tissue subtype, the grading of nuclei, whether it invades adjacent tissues, veins, lymph nodes and distant organ metastases. Among common renal cancer patients, patients with multifocal clear cell carcinoma have the best prognosis, and no recurrence or metastasis has been reported; patients with suspicious cell carcinoma and papillary carcinoma generally have lower nuclei grading and lower incidence of outward invasion and distant metastasis, so their prognosis is relatively good; followed by patients with clear cell carcinoma and patients with unclassified carcinoma have poor prognosis. Among 760 cases of clear cell carcinoma whose pathology clearly made nuclear grading in my collection, 271 cases (35.66%), 125 cases (16.45%), 246 cases (32.37%), 70 cases (9.21%), 43 cases (5.66%), 4 cases (0.53%), and 1 case (0.13%) of grade I, grade I-II, grade II, grade II-III, grade III, grade III-IV, and grade IV, respectively. 0.13%). Those with nuclear grade I and grade I-II accounted for more than half of the cases, which is significantly different from lung cancer and liver cancer, which is one of the reasons why the prognosis of kidney cancer patients is far better than that of lung cancer and liver cancer. According to incomplete statistics, among 1747 kidney cancer patients collected by me, the recurrence and metastasis rate is less than 5%.