What are the symptoms of kidney cancer? Does kidney cancer always have hematuria? The typical clinical manifestations of kidney cancer are hematuria, lump in the waist and pain, but these three symptoms usually appear simultaneously only in advanced lesions. Therefore, for patients over 40 years old, the occurrence of any of the above symptoms should be highly regarded, especially painless full-blown hematuria is often the first symptom of kidney cancer, so the possibility of kidney tumor should be considered and excluded first. However, not all kidney cancer patients will have hematuria, and the rate of asymptomatic kidney cancer in clinical practice is increasing year by year, accounting for about 70% of the total. The percentage of asymptomatic kidney cancer in clinical practice is increasing year by year, accounting for about 70% of the total. 10%-40% of patients will develop paraneoplastic syndrome, which manifests as hypertension, anemia, weight loss, fever, erythrocytosis, abnormal liver function, hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia, increased blood sedimentation, neuromuscular lesions, amyloidosis, overflow, abnormal coagulation mechanism, etc. 30% of patients are metastatic kidney cancer, and can be seen due to symptoms such as bone pain, fracture, cough and hemoptysis caused by tumor metastasis. What are the general methods to diagnose kidney cancer? In addition to physical examination and double-handed examination to note whether there are masses in the kidney area, common diagnostic measures include: 1. B-type ultrasound examination: it can detect tumor with diameter of 1 cm or more, and the method is non-invasive and repeatable. It is one of the most commonly used screening methods for initial diagnosis of kidney cancer in clinical practice. 2.CT scan: CT scan can not only correctly distinguish whether the lesion is cystic or solid in nature, but also diagnose by measuring the density of the lesion tissue, which can more graphically reflect the anatomical variation, and can understand the function of both kidneys after applying contrast agent. MRI: This is another new diagnostic technique after CT scan. According to statistics, the correct rate of clinical staging of kidney cancer by MRI can reach 90%. 4.Intravenous pyelogram: Through excretory urography, we can observe the pressure on the pelvis and calyces caused by kidney cancer and understand the function of the opposite kidney, which is an important prerequisite for deciding to remove the diseased kidney. 5.Renal arteriogram and embolization: renal arteriogram plays an important role in differentiating renal cyst from renal tumor. The former has no blood vessels in the cyst, and the blood vessels around the cyst are few and neat, often bow-shaped displacement; while renal cancer has abundant blood vessels, thick and disorderly arrangement. At present, renal arteriography is generally used as an auxiliary diagnostic measure before arterial embolization of renal tumor. Once renal cancer is diagnosed, arterial embolization of renal cancer will be performed at the same time of imaging. After arterial embolization, the tumor can be reduced in size, which can reduce bleeding and spread of cancer embolus during operation, and also reduce the difficulty of operation. 6.Laboratory examination: urine routine and tumor cytology examination. The tumor marker examination developed in recent years is a new examination method, but it lacks specific kidney cancer markers. What are the extra-renal manifestations of kidney cancer? The extra-renal manifestations of kidney cancer are called “paraneoplastic syndrome”, which mainly include hypertension, anemia, weight loss, fever, erythrocytosis, abnormal liver function, hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia, increased blood sedimentation, neuromuscular lesions, amyloidosis, overflow, abnormal coagulation mechanism and other changes. In addition, some patients with metastatic kidney cancer may show symptoms such as bone pain, fracture, cough and hemoptysis due to tumor metastases.