”I have had recurrent painless meatus hematuria in the last few months, do I need to go to the hospital?” ”I found something growing on top of my kidney during a medical checkup, could it be a problem?” ”I found kidney cancer in another hospital but it is said to be early, can I have surgery to treat it?” With the increasing popularity of health checkups, more and more tumors can be detected at an early stage. Dr. Ye Xiongjun from the Department of Urology of Peking University People’s Hospital pointed out that clinically, many kidney cancer patients were diagnosed by ultrasound when they found a kidney mass during medical checkups and further examinations. The kidney is a “silent” organ, and early lesions may not bring pain and discomfort to patients. When patients notice the symptoms of back pain, the lesions may have reached the middle and late stages, and the tumor has grown and enlarged, causing pain due to the stretching of the kidney envelope. Intermittent painless hematuria may appear in early stage kidney cancer, which is not uncomfortable when urinating, but the color of urine is like flesh-washing water or strong tea color when urinating, and it may appear once every few months. Therefore, the appearance of intermittent painless hematuria and abnormal kidney ultrasound on physical examination may be a sign of early kidney cancer, so it is recommended to visit urology department for examination as soon as possible. In addition to routine blood and urine tests and related imaging examinations, patients sometimes need to undergo urine phase-difference red blood cell examination, which can help determine whether hematuria is caused by surgical reasons (such as stones and tumors) or by medical diseases (such as purpura nephritis, glomerulonephritis, etc.). Patients who are suspected of kidney cancer through physical examination or other hospital examination should bring previous imaging data, such as kidney ultrasound, CT, as well as routine blood and urine, biochemical examination, etc. The doctor will diagnose the condition based on the previous examination results, and if necessary, re-examination is needed to clarify the clinical stage of kidney cancer, so as to formulate appropriate treatment plan. Patients with kidney cancer pathological stage T1a (tumor less than 100px) can undergo laparoscopic kidney preservation surgery, while patients with other stages can also decide whether laparoscopic surgery is applicable depending on the size of tumor and surrounding adhesions. Patients diagnosed with kidney cancer need to undergo various preoperative tests to assess whether they can tolerate surgery and to rule out any contraindications to surgery. First of all, patients should have their cardiopulmonary function evaluated, if they have heart failure, heart attack, or diseases such as asthma or emphysema, they may not be suitable for surgery. Patients with hypertension need to provide medication records, and those who use anticoagulants need to stop or switch to short-acting anticoagulants; poor liver function can affect patients’ coagulation, so patients with hepatitis and cirrhosis need to improve liver function before surgery. Dr. Ye said that kidney cancer patients who need surgery can usually be hospitalized in 3-5 days and can be discharged in 5-7 days after laparoscopic surgery.