What kind of surgery is usually used for kidney cancer? Under what circumstances can partial nephrectomy be performed? Surgery for kidney cancer includes radical nephrectomy and surgery to preserve the kidney unit, the latter is commonly known as partial nephrectomy. When kidney cancer occurs in anatomical or functional isolated kidney and radical nephrectomy will lead to renal insufficiency or uremia, such as congenital isolated kidney, contralateral kidney insufficiency or non-functional, and bilateral kidney cancer, partial nephrectomy is the first choice; when there are some benign diseases in the kidney contralateral to kidney cancer, such as kidney stone, chronic pyelonephritis or other diseases that may lead to deterioration of kidney function (such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus When there are some benign diseases such as kidney stone, chronic pyelonephritis or other diseases that may lead to deterioration of kidney function (such as hypertension, diabetes, renal artery stenosis, etc.), or when the kidney on the opposite side has normal function, the clinical stage is T1a (tumor ≤4cm), the tumor is located in the periphery of the kidney, and single asymptomatic kidney cancer, partial nephrectomy can also be considered. The surgical approach can choose open surgery or laparoscopic or robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery. The latter has gradually become the mainstream trend of kidney cancer surgery in recent years. In addition to these, non-open surgical treatments for kidney cancer include radiofrequency ablation, cryoablation and high-energy ultrasound focusing, etc.