Kidney Cancer Kidney cancer is one of the common tumors of the urinary system, with a higher incidence in Sweden and Iceland and a lower incidence in the UK, Eastern Europe, Africa and Asia. The incidence of kidney cancer has been on the rise in recent years. According to 1994 statistics, there are more than 27,000 new cases in the United States each year, of which 11,000 die from this disease. There are no national statistics on the incidence of renal tumors in China. According to the statistics of mortality rate and composition of causes of death of residents in 22 provinces and cities sampled in China from 1990 to 1992, the crude mortality rate of renal tumor is 0.32/1.0×105 people. According to the national population of 1.25 billion, about 4000 people died from this disease every year. The incidence rate is much lower than that of European and American countries. Kidney cancer can remit on its own in rare cases, and metastatic tumor foci in the lung shrink or disappear after removal of the primary site. The survival of patients with metastatic kidney cancer varies considerably, and the application of specific and non-specific immunotherapy is effective, so it may be related to the immune function of the body to some extent. The most common symptom of kidney cancer is hematuria visible to the naked eye or microscopic hematuria, followed by lateral abdominal pain, palpable masses and unexplained fever. In some cases, hypertension occurs due to stage local ischemia or renal pelvis compression, or erythrocytosis due to elevated erythropoietin levels. As ultrasound and CT scans of the abdomen are becoming more widely used, the chance of incidental detection has increased accordingly. Venous urography can determine the presence of a mass, while CT scans can provide information on the density of the mass, local spread, and lymph node and vein involvement. Inferior vena cava angiography provides information about the spread of renal vein and vena cava lesions and is particularly useful in the staging of right kidney tumors. Aortography and selective renal artery angiography can be used to determine the nature of the renal tumor and provide precise information on the number of renal arteries seen and the pattern of vascular coursing for surgical disposition. Chest radiographs and bone scans are necessary, as pulmonary and bone metastases are common. Preoperative staging should be very accurate to facilitate a more accurate treatment plan. At present, radical surgery is still the only effective means of treating kidney cancer. However, at the time of diagnosis, 25-57% of patients have metastases. The common sites are lung, lymph nodes, liver and bone. I. TNM and clinical staging 2. Clinical staging of kidney cancer II. Stage II and III: radical nephrectomy as far as possible. Pre-operative and post-operative supplemented with chemotherapy and post-operative adjuvant radiotherapy. Stage IV: Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are mainly used, and if possible, palliative nephrectomy is performed. Distant metastases can also be treated with radiotherapy. Recurrent cases: chemotherapy is the main treatment, together with radiotherapy. Isolated metastases of kidney cancer can be treated by surgery. (II) Internal treatment 1. Hormone therapy The incidence of kidney cancer in men is higher than that in women, which may be related to the hormone level of some patients. The clinical application of progestin or androgen can bring remission to some patients. There is evidence that at least some patients with kidney cancer are related to hormone imbalance in the body. 228 patients were treated with meprogesterone (progesterone) from 1967 to 1971, and the efficiency rate was 17%. However, 415 patients treated from 1971-1976, using strict evaluation criteria, had an effective rate of only 2%. After increasing the dose to 0.5g orally twice a day, the effective rate was about 10%. Testosterone propionate, triamcinolone, and estradiol have also been used to treat advanced kidney cancer, but they are almost ineffective. At present, the more commonly used is progestin derivative methandrostenolone 0.5g, taken orally twice a day; or methandrostenolone 160mg, taken orally once a day. 2.Chemotherapy The efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs in treating advanced kidney cancer is not satisfactory. There are at least 20 kinds of cytotoxic drugs treating more than 500 patients with remission