First, the current situation of cerebral stroke is worrying Cerebral stroke is the common name for cerebrovascular accidents such as cerebral blood vessel rupture bleeding or thrombosis, also known as stroke. Cerebrovascular disease is one of the three major causes of death in human beings. According to statistics, about 4.6 million people die of cerebrovascular disease every year worldwide. China is one of the countries with high incidence of cerebral stroke and the country with the largest number of cerebrovascular disease patients in the world. The number of people suffering from cerebrovascular disease in China is about 6 million, the number of new cases is about 1.5 million per year, and the number of deaths is about 1 million per year. About 3/4 of the surviving patients with cerebrovascular disease suffer from sequelae such as hemiplegia and mental retardation. Especially for middle-aged and old people, cerebrovascular disease has become the first “killer” of health, and the situation of prevention and treatment of cerebral stroke is very serious. With the advent of winter, cerebrovascular disease has entered a high-risk period, which makes the prevention and treatment of cerebral stroke worse. According to the survey statistics of authoritative medical departments, the incidence of stroke in the fall and winter seasons accounts for nearly 70% of the annual incidence of the population, especially in the cold winter. Second, why the high incidence of stroke in the cold season Why the high incidence of stroke in the cold season? Research has confirmed that the temperature is one of the most important factors of cerebrovascular disease in winter, especially for middle-aged and old people who already suffer from hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis and other diseases, the risk of sudden cerebrovascular disease is higher. Lower temperatures this is an important factor in the occurrence of cerebrovascular disease. When the body is at a low temperature, the peripheral blood vessels constrict. This causes vascular resistance and blood pressure to rise, increasing the load on the heart and brain, and greatly increasing the chances of a cerebral hemorrhagic stroke attack. At the same time, the stimulation of cold can make the fibrinogen in the blood rise, leading to an increase in blood viscosity, easy to form clots, which greatly aggravates the lack of cerebral blood supply due to atherosclerosis, triggering cerebral ischemic stroke attack. Outdoor exercise is reduced when it is cold, many people like to stay at home, do not like to go out to exercise. Activity is reduced, the brain blood perfusion will be reduced, at the same time the lack of indoor ventilation in winter also exacerbate the brain ischemia and lack of oxygen, so the chances of cerebrovascular disease increased. Water and vitamin deficiency in fall and winter, the climate is dry, the human body consumes more water, and the amount of water is relatively insufficient, which is easy to cause water shortage in the body. After the lack of water, the blood is sticky, blood flow slows down, blood volume is insufficient, which in turn causes ischemic stroke. Also, although vegetables and fruits are beneficial to the cardiovascular and cerebral vessels, their consumption in winter is relatively reduced, so they are also prone to stroke. A recent British study has confirmed that low vitamin C levels in winter are associated with a high incidence of cerebrovascular disease. Poor Physical Fitness and Age Patients with poor physical fitness are prone to respiratory diseases in winter, such as upper respiratory tract infections, bronchitis, pneumonia and asthma. These will aggravate the condition of existing cerebrovascular diseases. Elderly people have poor adaptability to changes in the external environment, and hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus and so on are their high incidence. Therefore, the sudden contraction of blood vessels under the stimulation of cold air, elevated blood pressure, blood viscosity increases, all of which make them very vulnerable to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. 1.How to prevent stroke in winter Maintaining good living habits, paying attention to reasonable diet and appropriate exercise, paying attention to mental and psychological health, and standardizing medication are the best measures to prevent and reduce the occurrence of stroke. In the cold winter, the middle-aged and the elderly should pay attention to improve the ability to resist the cold, wear warmer clothes when going out, wear hats and gloves, and avoid being stimulated by the cold. When it is relatively warm indoors, clothes should be reduced appropriately. The temperature difference between indoors and outdoors should not be too big. If the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor is too large, people in the sudden cold and hot environment, easy to catch a cold. Indoors should maintain a certain degree of humidity, the air conditioning should be turned off after 2 hours and windows should be opened for ventilation. Prolonged closure of doors and windows can easily lead to severe lack of oxygen and proliferation of bacteria and viruses. You should participate in some outdoor exercise to enhance your physical fitness and cold tolerance. However, it must be based on your own physical conditions, and it is best not to do those strenuous exercises. If you want to do strenuous exercise, then before exercising, you must fully move your body, lest your body can not withstand such drastic changes and get hurt. In addition, winter outdoor exercise should also pay attention to keep warm, especially the protection of the head. Many middle-aged and elderly people have misunderstandings about morning exercise in winter. They think that the earlier the morning exercise the better, or foggy day exercise is interesting. In fact, in the morning, the low-level air is not easy to rise, near the ground air pollution is serious, and there is a fog in the morning is also a time of serious pollution. Experts believe that winter should not be too early to exercise; sunny, warm weather 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. is the prime time for outdoor exercise in winter. The climate is dry in the fall and winter, the body consumes more water, and people’s thirst is not as pronounced as in the summer, so it is easy to have a lack of water in the body. To drink more water, it is best to develop the habit of drinking water regularly. Winter should eat more fresh dates, grapefruit, persimmons, citrus and other vitamin C-rich fruits and green leafy vegetables. Researchers in London, England, have found that a diet rich in vitamin C helps prevent strokes, especially in winter. Patients at high risk of stroke should seek early medical attention for early diagnosis and treatment in the event of slurred speech, numbness and weakness in one limb, sudden vision loss and blindness, and sudden headache and dizziness.