The sudden enlargement of the parotid gland should be a clinical manifestation of mumps. Mumps is called mumps for short, and is commonly known as mumps. It is prevalent in all seasons, but is common in winter and spring, and is a common respiratory infection during childhood and adolescence. It is an inflammatory, systemic infection caused by the mumps virus and is characterized by painful swelling of the parotid gland, which can sometimes involve other salivary glands. Common complications are viral encephalitis, orchitis, pancreatitis and ovarian inflammation. The mumps virus belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae, and the patient is the source of infection, with direct contact, droplets, and inhalation of saliva as the main routes of transmission, with onset 2-3 weeks after contact with the patient. The pre-mumps symptoms are mild and mainly manifest as swelling on one or both sides centered at the ear, forward, backward and downward, the swollen parotid gland is often hemispherical with indistinct edges, the surface is warm and painful to the touch, and subsides in 7-10 days. The disease is a self-limiting disease, there is a lack of specific drugs, antibiotic treatment is ineffective, the prognosis is generally good.