Risk factors
Age.
The incidence of cardiovascular disease increases with age, from 35-74 years, every 10 years, the incidence of coronary heart disease increases 3 to 1 times, this is because the level of risk factors for most cardiovascular diseases increase with age, although the rate of increase slows down with age, but because of the high incidence in old age, so the absolute risk of the relevant factors leading to morbidity is still high.
Gender.
The incidence of coronary heart disease in men aged 25-74 years is 1.1-6.2 times higher than that in women. Therefore, interventions for male patients should be strengthened.
Smoking: The smoking rate in our population is very high, reaching 60%-70% in men and lower in women, but also reaching about 7%. Smokers and non-smokers, the relative risk of coronary heart disease increased by about 2 times. The risk of acute myocardial infarction from smoking is proportional to the square of the total amount smoked, with the risk increasing fourfold for every 1x increase in the total amount smoked.
Hypertensive individuals: whether stable or unstable, systolic or diastolic, at any age, of any gender, is one of the independent risk factors for the development of coronary heart disease.
Dyslipidemia: Elevated total serum cholesterol and LDL cholesterol are risk factors for coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke, and there is no minimum threshold for the role of serum cholesterol as a risk factor for the development of coronary heart disease.
Overweight and obesity: are independent risk factors for the development of coronary heart disease. Maintaining normal body weight is one of the important measures to prevent and treat coronary heart disease.
Diabetes mellitus: diabetes mellitus is an established risk factor for atherosclerotic disease. Those with diabetes or abnormal glucose tolerance have a greatly increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
Lack of physical activity: Reduced physical activity is one of the major causes of overweight and obesity, and is one of the important risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
Drug prevention.
Lower blood pressure, lower blood sugar, lower blood lipids
Non-pharmacological prevention.
Good lifestyle – the four cornerstones of health
Proper diet, moderate exercise, smoking cessation and alcohol restriction, psychological balance
Summary.
Popularize the basic knowledge of coronary heart disease prevention and treatment, teach patients to master the ABCDE strategy of secondary prevention of coronary heart disease and some easy-to-learn, easy-to-understand and easy-to-remember cardiovascular health care knowledge, such as “an apple a day, the doctor stays away from me”, etc.
Advocate lifestyle revolution: To improve poor lifestyle, we should follow the “Seeds of Health (S-E-E-D)” rule: 1.
1, sleep (Sleep) rule: reasonable sleep, lunchtime nap.
2, emotional (Emotion) rule: emotional stability, peace of mind.
3, exercise (Excise) rules: aerobic exercise, static and dynamic combination.
4, diet (Diet) rule: scientific diet, balanced nutrition/constant (including quit smoking and limit alcohol).
Enhance the initiative, conscientiousness and compliance of people, especially those with coronary heart disease, in preventing and treating the disease.
The secret of prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease: keep your mouth shut and your legs open.