Both doctors and patients know that incisions do not heal easily after TB surgery. From a surgical point of view, improperly mastering the indications, timing and methods of surgery for TB can lead to the formation of postoperative sinus tracts! In mild cases, long-term drug changes are needed, and in severe cases, secondary surgery is required, which not only prolongs the course of the disease and increases the cost to the patient, but also results in a very high rate of disability and deformity! Strangely enough, it seems that this shadow has been with TB doctors and patients for almost 30 years! For example: After TB pneumonectomy – may lead to bronchopleural fistula requiring long term tube or secondary thoracic reshaping; After chest wall TB lesion removal – may lead to chest wall sinus tract formation; After spinal TB lesion removal — may lead to sinus tract formation in the back, lumbar region, etc., especially after internal fixation of the spine; After surgery for lymphatic tuberculosis in the neck — may lead to sinus tract formation in the neck and long-term ulceration. Is surgery for tuberculosis patients really that complicated? After more than ten years of careful research and more than 3,000 cases of tuberculosis and extrapulmonary tuberculosis surgical experience and lessons learned, we have found the reasons for the easy formation of sinus tracts after tuberculosis surgery, the best indications for surgery, timing of surgery, and surgical methods for tuberculosis patients, and summarized them into four principles of tuberculosis surgery: 1. Surgery is performed for those with limited lesions; 2. Emphasis is placed on the first surgery, and surgery is divided into focal drainage, focal The first surgery is valued and divided into three types of surgery: focal drainage, focal removal and focal resection; 3. Using this principle, more than 1,000 cases of tuberculosis in different areas have been operated on, and only 3 cases of delayed healing of the incision have occurred after surgery, and there has not been a single case of secondary surgery! Postoperative sinus tract formation in tuberculosis is indeed due to the characteristics of tuberculosis, but it must not be the exclusive preserve of tuberculosis surgeons!