Rooster dawn in the morning, frogs hibernate in the spring, geese come and go from the south to the north; petunia open at dawn, night fragrance in the moonlight fragrance …… how these natural laws are formed? Scientists have discovered that they all have a “behind-the-scenes manipulator” – biological clock. Looking at the world, the life activities of various organisms have a certain time rhythm, as if by a special clock in control, this phenomenon is called the “biological clock”. So, as the spirit of all things, does a biological clock also exist? 1, what is the human biological clock? As early as the end of the 19th century, scientists have noticed that the human body also has a “biological rhythm” phenomenon. early 20th century, Austria’s Dr. Hermann Swaboda and Germany’s Dr. Wilhelm Fries through long-term clinical observation, revealed the mystery. It turns out that there is a 23-day cycle of physical strength and a 28-day cycle of mood swings in the ups and downs of a patient’s illness, emotions and behavior. Thereafter, Professor Alfred Telchier of Innsbruck University in Austria, after studying the examination results of hundreds of students, found that human intelligence fluctuates in a cycle of 33 days. As a result, scientists drew up three wave-shaped biorhythmic graphs of the human body with the cyclical rhythm of physical, emotional and intellectual ups and downs, which was imaginatively described as “a beautiful repertoire of life”. In the middle of the 20th century, biologists coined the term “biological clock” based on the fact that organisms have cyclic rhythmic activities. The human biological clock refers to the intrinsic physiological rhythm of human life activities. It is called the biological clock because this natural physiological rhythm runs like a clock, keeping the body in sync with the outside world day and night. The biological clock allows humans to adapt to the environment in which they live, it allows the human body and nature to intertwine to achieve harmony and unity, so that humans maximize the use of natural resources. 2, who is in control of the human biological clock? Almost all scientists believe that the human body does have a “clock” that governs physiological activities. However, in view of the hidden nature of this clock, prompting many people to repeatedly explore it, and put forward a variety of explanations. Most scientists still believe that human biological rhythms are endogenous and hereditary, and that these rhythms are regulated by the pineal gland in the brain. The pineal gland is located in the upper posterior part of the human brain and is a pineal-shaped gland, hence the name pineal gland. The activity of the pineal gland has a distinct circadian rhythm and secretes 5-hydroxytryptamine, norepinephrine and melatonin in response to the action of enzymes. The activity of these enzymes is related to light, which is imaged in the retina by the eye and controlled by the visual nerve, which transmits information to the pineal gland of the brain. Therefore, the change of seasons and the alternation of day and night can affect the rhythm of the pineal gland. In recent years, scientists have discovered the mechanism of biological clock regulation at the genetic level. Researchers at Northwestern University found a key chemical that controls the biological clock by artificially breeding lab rats with disrupted biological rhythms, and named the gene that determines the presence of this chemical “HCLOCK”. A team of researchers at the University of California also found that the human biological clock controls the role of genes responsible for different functions by creating proteins inside cells. This series of activities drives people to feel hungry, enjoy sleep, change body temperature, etc. To date, the true mechanism of the biological clock’s action is still a mystery. Scientists only know that the biological clock can control the cycle of sleep and wakefulness, hormone secretion, metabolism, body temperature and other physiological behaviors in humans and many other animals, but the composition of the biological clock and the form through which it completes the above work has not been fully understood. 3.What are the biological clocks in human body? Since birth, there are many biological rhythms in the human body, and the life activities of human beings have been working skillfully on the clock of biological clock. At present, there are more than 100 kinds of biological clocks found in the human body, each of them has its own function, and they are in charge of body temperature, metabolism, blood sugar, blood pressure, pulse, hormone secretion and even the function of each vital organ. The human physiological activities will change with each passing day. At present, scientific research has found that during the long evolutionary process, human beings have gradually formed a “solar clock” to adapt to the sun’s operation, a “lunar clock” to adapt to the moon’s gain and loss, a “seasonal clock” to adapt to the changing of the seasons, and a “physiological clock” to adapt to the natural environment. The “seasonal clock” is adapted to the change of seasons, and the “annual clock” is adapted to the rotation of the Earth. Solar clock: It is a biological clock that coincides with the rotation of the Earth, with a period of 24 hours. It mainly refers to the changes of human physiological phenomena and functional state within a day, with the functional state rising from 7:00 to 10:00 in the morning; calming down around 4:00 in the afternoon, and being in the lowest functional state moment in the day; rising again after 5:00 in the afternoon; falling sharply after 11:00 in the evening. ZHOU Zhong: It is usually seen more in organ transplantation. The rejection of organs mostly occurs in a cycle of 7 days, with rejection most likely to occur on days 7, 14, and 21 ……, and the timing of the immunosuppressive drugs affects their effectiveness. For example, after a kidney transplant, taken at night, the post-operative mortality rate is as high as 60%; if switched to take in the morning, 82% of people can still work normally after 5 years. The monthly clock: it is very closely related to fertility. The average number of days of menstruation for women is 29.5 days, and a “lunar month”, i.e. a “taiyin month” from the new moon to the full moon and then to the new moon, is exactly 29.5 days. According to the internationally popular biological tide theory, the human body is similar to the earth’s surface, with 80% water content, and the moon has a tidal influence on the water in the human body just like the ocean. Around the full moon is the peak time of menstruation, the most fertile and highest birth rate. Premenstrual women become impatient and irritable. Physiological functions are low during menstruation and they are prone to illness and recurrence of old diseases. From the lunar calendar, the four lunar phases of the year, namely, the waning moon, the lunar month, the upper and lower sine, and the two days before and after them total 147 days, accounting for 40% of the annual number of days, but the accident rate accounts for more than 76% of the annual accidents. Seasonal clocks: In spring, people are prone to vitamin deficiency; in autumn, men’s sexual desire is strong, and girls’ first menstruation occurs in autumn. In summer, people are energetic, but in winter, they are not energetic. The deterioration of psychiatric patients occurs in spring and autumn and during the full moon. The peak of mortality of various diseases has obvious seasonal color. For example, the death of lung and cardiovascular diseases all leave the peak in winter, etc. Annual clock: It is closely related to the activity cycle of the sun and celestial bodies such as comets. The cycle of sunspot activity is 11 years, and locust plagues also occur about once every 11 years; the more intense the solar activity, the more locusts are born. Certain diseases such as hypertensive encephalopathy, angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction are several times more common in years when the sun is active. Certain malignant tumors such as esophageal, gastric, laryngeal, bronchopulmonary, uterine, breast and skin cancers also have a distinct annual cycle in their incidence and mortality. Seven-year rhythm: Soviet scholars found, after 20 years of special observation and research, that in a cycle of 7 years (8 years for a few people), human health, energy and intelligence go through a process from exuberance to decay. This process is divided into two stages: age of health stability and age of health decay. Among them, most of the births, illnesses and deaths occur in the health decay age stage. 4.How to scientifically grasp the human biological clock? Each organ of the human body has its own physiological rhythm, mastering the subtleties of these physiological rhythms, using the brain on time, choosing the right time to use drugs; making full use of the high tide of the rhythm, consciously avoiding the low tide of the rhythm, we can receive twice the result with half the effort to improve learning and work efficiency, quality of life, relaxation, reduce disease, improve health and prolong life. The biological clock of the human brain: the learning and working efficiency of the human brain is not constant, taking memory as an example, there are four climax periods in 24 hours a day: the first climax period is 6 to 7 am, the human brain has done the “sorting and coding” of the information input the day before during sleep, there is no new information interference for the time being, the impression of memory at this time is the most The second climax is from 8 to 10 a.m., when the human body enters a period of high energy after a few hours of light activity after waking up, and the human brain has the highest efficiency in processing memory materials, which is the best time for short-term memory; the third climax is from 6 to 8 p.m., which is the best time for long-term memory; the last climax is from 10 to 11 p.m. (or one to two hours before going to sleep), when the memory is immediately followed by sleep, which is not disturbed by new information and is conducive to sleep. It is not disturbed by new information and is conducive to sleep for deep processing of the memorized material. If you understand the operation of the biological clock of the human brain, and adjust the work and rest time accordingly, will greatly improve learning and work efficiency. Heart biological clock: the heart is called the “engine” of life, and there are many factors that affect it, such as blood pressure, heart rate and so on. Human blood pressure usually rises at 9 to 10 am, then gradually decreases to the lowest point at 3 am, and starts to rise again in the morning. Heart rate peaks around 12:00 noon and remains at its lowest level after going to sleep. Understanding this law, we can target the implementation of health care for the heart. For example, the focus of hypertension patients taking antihypertensive drugs should be in the daytime, especially before noon, while at night, especially before going to sleep, should stop taking or halve the dose, so as not to induce hypotension and ischemic stroke attack; physical exercise is best in the afternoon or evening, so that the heart rate is not too fast and “strain” the heart. Meal biological clock: the human biological clock rule in terms of meals is mainly expressed in the pattern and frequency of meals. In terms of the former, “three meal system” is the most consistent with the human physiological rhythm and the biological clock of the human brain a pattern, should be adhered to, do not believe in the so-called “five meals a day” or more meals of the so-called “new concept “. The time of the three meals are: the best time for breakfast is 7 to 8 in the morning, it can ensure the normal operation of the endocrine organs and human brain, muscles and other departments to start at regular intervals, which is conducive to work and study in the morning; the best time for lunch is about 12 noon; dinner is about 6 p.m. is appropriate, and not too late, otherwise it can increase the concentration of calcium elements in the urine and induce urinary tract stones and other disorders. Exercise biological clock: life is exercise, and exercise is inseparable from science. According to the study of exercise physiology, human activity is also controlled by the biological clock. Therefore, according to the biological clock to arrange exercise time is more beneficial to life and health. Morning sunshine, fresh air, this time exercise can enhance muscle strength, improve lung capacity, the whistling system or suffering from respiratory tract disease is beneficial. The afternoon is a good time to strengthen the physical strength, muscle tolerance is 50% higher than other times. Especially at dusk, when the body’s motor capacity is at its peak, the visual and auditory senses are more sensitive, while the heart rate and blood pressure are at a lower level, is the prime time to exercise. Night exercise helps sleep, but must be carried out 3 to 4 hours before bedtime, the intensity should not be too large, otherwise it induces insomnia. Reproductive biological clock: There are many people who envision the application of the biological clock to human reproductive activities, so that the couple conceive at the best time of physical, intellectual and emotional, to achieve the purpose of eugenics. In general, high energy, high emotions, and optimal physiological state will certainly promote reproductive function. Eugenics may be promoted if both partners’ biological clocks run at the climax time for conception. According to the rise and fall of human functions, 9 to 10 p.m. of the day is a good time for couples to conceive in the same room. The physical, intellectual and emotional rhythms of human beings vary in cycles of nearly one month. Research data shows that the first, fifteenth, seventh, eighth and twenty-second or twenty-third of each month of the lunar calendar is the time when human beings are prone to greater accidents, and it is also the time of the month when conception is not good. Weight loss biological clock: Nowadays, weight loss fever is on the rise, and there are numerous ways to lose weight, but the results are mostly unsatisfactory. The latest research shows that if you can lose weight according to the human biological clock, it is likely to receive unexpected surprises. Japanese scholars have found that human cells contain a protein that combines with deoxyribonucleic acid to produce a “time gene” that controls the biological clock in the human body. This protein increases at night and decreases when the body is bathed in morning sunlight to maintain the proper amount. Excessive increases or decreases in this protein can cause disruptions in the body’s biological clock. An increase in this protein in the body’s cells makes it easier to store fat, while if it decreases, it does not. Therefore, getting into the habit of getting sunlight in the morning will help a person maintain a slim figure. Beauty biological clock: Biological cosmetologist research confirms that human skin varies with the biological time difference, and beauty measures can only bring out its maximum effectiveness if they are synchronized with this changing law. 1, 6 to 7 am: the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone reaches its peak, the cell regeneration activity drops to the lowest point, water accumulates in the cells, lymphatic circulation slows down (this is the mystery of some people’s eyelids swollen). At the same time, in order to cope with the pressure on the skin throughout the day, such as dust, sunlight, etc., it is best to use a morning care product that prevents water loss and is resistant to UV rays and rich in vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E, in order to resist skin aging. Morning eyelid edema, can use can enhance eye blood circulation, decomposition of toxins accumulated in the eye and tighten the eye bags of eye cream. 2, 8 to 12 am: the skin’s ability to withstand the best, the strongest resistance, sebaceous gland secretion is also in the most active state. This is the most appropriate time to do facial and body hair removal, as well as spot removal, eyebrows, eyeliner and other beauty projects. 3, 1 to 3 pm: blood pressure and hormone secretion is reduced, the body gradually produces a sense of tiredness, the skin is prone to small wrinkles, 15 minutes of nap can make the face fully relaxed. At this time the skin for the absorption of cosmetics containing highly effective substances is particularly weak, additional serum and moisturizing nutrient water, can make the skin become more angry. 4, 4 to 8 pm: microcirculation is enhanced, blood oxygenation is increased, cardiorespiratory function is enhanced, pancreatic secretion is strong, can fully absorb nutrients, skin absorption of cosmetics is enhanced. 5.8～11pm：The secretion of histamine increases, the most likely allergic reactions, the resistance of microvessels is weak, blood pressure decreases, and the body is prone to edema, bleeding and inflammation. Therefore, this stage is not suitable for beauty care. 6, 11:00 p.m. to 5:00 a.m.: cell division speed increases, the skin absorption rate of skin care products is extremely strong. If you use nutrient-rich nourishing night creams and moisturizers, you can make the skin maintenance and repair to the best state. Medication biological clock: because the human body has a biological clock rhythm of life activities, and disease also has a clear temporal, many drugs in the body metabolism also has a clear temporal rhythm, so people take drugs is best to also according to the biological clock, so that not only can get twice the result with half the effort, and can reduce adverse reactions. 1, antihypertensive drugs: blood pressure peaks at 9 to 11 a.m., then gradually decreases to a minimum after going to sleep, so it is appropriate to arrange the medication for hypertensive patients in the morning. 2, cardiac drugs: heart failure patients to digitalis, digoxin and cetiran and other cardiac drugs, the most sensitive to 4:00 a.m., the role of 15 times higher than other times, if the conventional use of drugs at this time is very easy to poison. 3, antiarrhythmic drugs: such as insulin, taken at 6 a.m., the best effect of slowing down the heart rhythm, and can play a role in lowering blood pressure. 4, anticoagulants: such as aspirin, taken at 6:00 a.m. to 8:00 a.m., not only can quickly reach the peak of anticoagulation, the effect is also long-lasting. 5, hypoglycemic drugs: euglycemia, hypoglycemia, etc. should be taken a quarter of an hour before meals to ensure lower postprandial blood sugar levels. 6, diuretic drugs: diuretic drugs to play a drug effect, and kidney function is closely related to the timing of the drug is particularly important. For example, dihydrocoumarin is taken at 7:00 am with little side effects, and tachyphylaxis is taken at 10:00 am with the strongest diuretic effect. 7, anti-tuberculosis drugs: such as remifentan, rifampin, etc., the blood concentration can reach a peak 2 hours after taking on an empty stomach, and rapidly distributed throughout the body, so it is appropriate to take in the early morning on an empty stomach once a meal is better. 8.Anti-cancer drugs: Normal cells mainly divide during the day, while cancer cells divide all day. Therefore, chemotherapy at night will reduce the damage to normal cells and decrease the side effects. 9.Anti-asthmatic drugs: Asthma patients are good in the attack, therefore, taking it before bedtime can effectively prevent the attack of asthma at night. 10, iron: anemic people take the drug at 7 pm every night than at 7 am absorption rate is 1 times higher.