The natural prognosis of aortic stenosis is not very good. 60-70% of patients die before the age of 40 years due to complications. In severe infants and children, 80% die of heart failure at 3 months, only to risk surgical resuscitation. The average patient is asymptomatic though. If the lumen is more than 50% narrowed, all should be operated electively. The better suitable age for surgery is 6-16 years. If the age is small, the anastomosis is not large enough and it is easy to restenosis after growth. In adults, the vascularity increases. Surgery is more difficult. The surgery can be performed under hypotracheal intubation with hypotension. The patient is placed in the right lateral position. The chest is entered through the bed of the left 4th rib and the mediastinal pleura is incised longitudinally. The isthmus of the descending aorta is freed. In adults, the left heart can be diverted first to reduce the burden on the left heart and aorta, lower the blood pressure, and maintain the blood supply to the lower body to ensure the safety of the operation. The stenotic segment is then clamped proximally and distally, and the stenotic segment is resected, if it does not exceed 2 cm in length and the severed end is docked without tension. The stenosis can be directly anastomosed end to end. If the stenosis is very short and on one side, the stenosis can be resected in a wedge shape and the ends can be anastomosed, which is called the Walker procedure. Alternatively, a longitudinal incision is made in the stenotic segment, and the artificial vessel is cut into a prismatic patch of appropriate size and sutured to widen the aortic incision, called the Vosschulte procedure. This procedure is also indicated for stenosis in long tubular wedge-shaped resections of the stenotic segment. In cases of long stenosis or arteriopathy, the stenosis is usually resected and then grafted with an artificial vessel; in the former case, the upper and lower aortic artificial vessels can be diverted without resection. In infants and young children, the left subclavian artery can be ligated at a high level, cut off, turned down, and anastomosed end-to-end with the distal descending aorta. This is a simple and easy left subclavian artery descending aortic anastomosis, also known as the Clagett procedure. The results of the procedure are mostly satisfactory and correct hypertension. Postoperative complications include restenosis, pseudoaneurysm, and postoperative hypertension. With the development of interventional therapies in recent years, balloon dilatation of aortic stenosis without opening the chest has become available for infants and young children and can also be tried in adolescents; it is especially indicated in infants with severe heart failure who cannot tolerate open-heart surgery. After basic anesthesia, a balloon catheter is inserted through the femoral or iliac artery and sent to the stenotic segment of the aorta by the screen-guided vertebral delivery, then the balloon is inflated (liquid) and dilated under pressure.