1. Psychological status of cancer patients Cancer is a major negative and stressful event, and patients have to face the great changes that cancer brings to their own and family life. Studies show that 16%~42% of cancer patients will experience adjustment disorder, which is the most common mental disorder in cancer patients, often accompanied by anxiety and depressive symptoms; 25%~45% of cancer patients suffer from depression in different courses of the disease and treatment, and the prevalence of anxiety disorders is about 10%~30%, with some studies reporting even higher figures than those mentioned above. Dong Qian, Department of Oncology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine The main causes of psychological problems: fear of disease and death, fear of treatments (surgical injury, limb disability, physical changes, side effects of radiotherapy, etc.), economic pressure, physical decline, social shrinkage, decline in social adaptability, change in family and social roles, insufficient social support, etc. 2. Several psychological stages and misunderstandings after cancer According to the order of diagnosis and treatment, it can be mainly divided into 4 psychological stages: (1) Before cancer discovery and diagnosis: anxiety, repeated seeking for medical treatment, praying for peace, etc.; (2) After cancer diagnosis: it is usually manifested as a process of psychological development: shock, denial or refusal, aggrievement, anger, fear, depression and anxiety, compromise, calmness, acceptance, etc.; (3) (3) Treatment stage: after surgery and during radiotherapy, the pain caused by the side effects of treatment will bring stress and discomfort to the patient’s body and mind, including fear, irritability, pessimism, suspicion, insomnia, etc., as well as concern about the efficacy of treatment; if the treatment does not go well, it is easy to produce pessimism, disappointment, or irrational choices of health care products, advertisements, etc., which will lead to a delay in their condition; (4) Rehabilitation period: fear of recurrence, metastasis, worry, especially about recurrence, metastasis, etc. (4) Recovery period: fear of relapse and metastasis, especially on the eve of the review and waiting for the result; feeling of helplessness (often found in patients who lack the knowledge of rehabilitation and rehabilitation methods); fear, depression and anxiety due to the uncertainty of the disease. With the prolongation of the disease and physical recovery, most of the psychological problems will be gradually alleviated, but if certain underlying psychological problems are not resolved (such as trauma and personality problems left over from childhood and growing up), they may still cause new psychological conflicts and obstacles, thus affecting physical recovery. Therefore, actively searching for the root causes of psychological problems and making adjustments and interventions are very helpful to the recovery of cancer patients. In fact, there are still many misconceptions among cancer patients and their families, such as: Myth 1, physical symptoms have nothing to do with psychology Another part of the psychological reaction caused by tumor is manifested in physical symptoms rather than psychological or emotional ones. For example, some tumor patients with very calm emotions can be seen in the clinic, and it seems that they cannot experience obvious worry, fear, sadness, anxiety, etc., but they may have intractable somatic symptoms, such as poor sleep, pain, peripheral discomfort, fatigue, and loss of appetite, etc., and the degree and duration of these symptoms can not be explained by physiological factors, and general medical treatment can not alleviate the patient’s symptoms. The patient’s symptoms, at this point, it is important to think that these symptoms may be caused by psychological problems. Through psychological counseling, psychotropic drug treatment, many physical symptoms can be significantly relieved, thus improving the quality of life of patients. Misconception 2, concealment of the condition 90% of doctors in developed countries such as the United States directly inform the patient of the cancer diagnosis. In China, doctors usually inform patients’ family members of the cancer diagnosis first, and then decide whether to inform the patients according to the wishes of the family members. Family members are usually against informing patients of the cancer diagnosis, because in most people’s opinion, the “diagnosis” of cancer is like the “death sentence”, which will cause strong negative psychological reaction to the patients. Therefore, most of the family members of cancer patients think that it is better for the patients not to know, the reason is that the burden of the patients is heavy and difficult to bear, which is not conducive to the treatment after being “informed”. The family members of the patient decide the patient’s treatment plan and life style by their own will, but ignore the patient’s feelings. (There was once a terminal cancer patient who, before dying, complained that his family had allowed him to undergo surgery without clearly explaining the diagnosis of the disease to him, and since then, the post-operative pain and the pain of cancer have prevented him from leading a normal life. In reality, similar instances can be said to be commonplace, and in the strict sense, this is a violation of the patient’s rights. (Another cancer patient, after knowing the nature of his disease, its occurrence and development, prognosis and treatment, sensibly participated in his personal treatment program, gave up surgical treatment in accordance with his personal wishes, and in the days when his life was about to end, arranged his work, life and aftermath in a well-organized manner, and frankly left this world.) Birth, old age, illness and death are the natural development process of life, and the diagnostic and treatment means accepted after illness have both positive aspects of curing patients and negative aspects that may bring pain, danger and economic pressure to patients. Moreover, everyone has different values and attitudes towards life, and different requirements for the quality of life. Therefore, healthcare professionals and family members should pay attention to the informed needs of cancer patients, respect the patients’ own decisions, and let the patients understand their own illnesses, which is conducive to the treatment and rehabilitation, as well as the improvement of the patients’ quality of life. Myth 3: Strong patients do not have psychological problems We have found through close contact with a large number of patients in cancer rehabilitation that many patients who are strong and optimistic on the surface also have many deep psychological problems and contradictions, and that being strong on the outside is only a kind of appearance, and that internal problems, if they are not exposed or intentionally hidden, cannot be effectively adjusted, will affect the end of rehabilitation. Cancer is a group of chronic non-communicable diseases that affect physical, mental and social functions. The disease itself and the side effects of various treatments will have certain impacts on patients, some of which are obvious, such as fear, worry, depression, insomnia, social avoidance, and certain physical symptoms, etc., while some of the impacts on the recovery are hidden, such as communication problems among family members, cognitive problems of adverse events, and life and death problems, etc. Psychological counseling is not only a way to help patients eliminate adverse events, but also to help them to overcome the problems. Psychological counseling is not only to help patients eliminate the impact of adverse psychological reactions, but more importantly, to use professional psychological techniques to deal with various types of psychologically related physical and social problems, to promote physical and mental health, family harmony and satisfaction, to improve interpersonal communication, and to improve the quality of life. Myth 4, only the patient has psychological problems We have done a survey in outpatient clinics and scientific publicity activities, the results show that the psychological problems of family members found through scale screening are even higher than those of patients, and the proportion of family members who take the initiative to express the need for counseling and psychological support is also higher than that of patients: in the psychological scale screening (124 cases) found that 33.9% of the patients (42/124) have varying degrees of depression (21.8%, 27/124) or anxiety (13.7%, 17/124), and 2 patients had coexisting anxiety and depression; of these, 64.3% of patients (27/42) denied that they needed psychological counseling; the positive rate of depression or anxiety among family members (87 cases) was 59.8% (52/87), which was higher than that of the patients (P<0.001); of these, 71.2% of family members ( 37/52) thought they needed psychological counseling, which was also much higher than patients (P<0.001). This suggests that the psychological support of family members should not be neglected in the treatment and rehabilitation stage of cancer as well. 3. Comparison at home and abroad The psychological counseling industry in western countries has been carried out earlier and developed more maturely. In addition to doctors and nurses, there are often psychologists and psychologists by the side of cancer patients. In some cancer centers in the U.S., the number of psychosocial support workers is even more than the number of patients, which to a certain extent indicates that western medicine attaches more importance to the psychological intervention of cancer than we do. Due to the differences in economy, culture and religion between cancer patients in the East and the West, the attitudes and methods chosen by the two when facing psychological counseling are also different. Cancer patients in China are more inclined to behave in a subtle way, avoiding and covering up, and they are still unfamiliar with psychological counseling, or they want to seek for help, but they cannot find the right institution or doctor, and they can solve the problems in a limited way, etc. In foreign countries, there are more psychological intervention methods than those in the United States. In foreign countries, the methods of psychological intervention include group counseling, family counseling, meditation and other forms in addition to individual counseling based on various psychological techniques. At present, in cancer rehabilitation treatment, we use the combination of individual counseling and group activities, through music, painting, telling personal feelings, video material discussion, situational drama, relaxation training, hypnosis and so on, to help the patients participating in the rehabilitation training to face their own psychological problems, and with the help of psychologists, to actively adjust their mindset and solve their psychological problems, which has received very good results. 4. How to carry out psychological rehabilitation (1) Discover psychological problems through assessment and conversation with psychologists; (2) Learn some psychological knowledge and methods to adjust emotions and relieve symptoms; (3) Seek the help of psychologists to establish consulting relationship and get psychological support; (4) Participate in rehabilitation groups for cancer patients organized by psychologists, and share and exchange experiences in the groups through regular group activities, (5) Seek support and help from family members and friends; (6) Exercise, singing, dancing and other activities can improve mood; (7) Aromatherapy: to improve physical symptoms and mood, relax the mind, get pampered, and alleviate anxiety and insomnia; (8) Psychological problems due to the development of cancer can be treated through adequate communication with clinicians, obtaining treatment information, increasing the sense of self-control, and alleviating the pain. information, increase the sense of self-control, and alleviate bad emotions. And so on. Conclusion: Tumor patients from diagnosis until before and after the whole treatment process are accompanied by different degrees of psychological changes and reactions, often manifested as denial, aggression, fear, sadness, despair, anxiety, depression, etc. Some patients even refuse treatment due to fear or despair. These psychological states can usually be gradually calmed down with the extension of time and treatment. However, if the bad mood exists for a long time, it may affect the patient's diet and sleep, and then affect the state of the body and immunity, which will certainly have a negative impact on the treatment of the tumor and the recovery of the patient. Optimistic life attitude and firm beliefs come from the rich experience and sense of life in the inner world. There are always big or small storms and waves accompanying human life, maybe it is illness, maybe it is the sudden appearance of other life events, maybe it is the difficulties in work or life, all of which may throw us from the normal state of mind into the boundless darkness. When we are groping our way through a difficult situation, psychological support is like a bright light that can illuminate the path under our feet, avoiding hurt and injury in the midst of the stumbling. Tumor patients, close caregivers, and family members need each other's understanding, support, tolerance, and love on their journey against cancer. The closeness of heart and mind can even bring infinite warmth and comfort to the sick person more than a dose of good medicine.