1. peripheral nerve injury (peripheral nerve injury due to trauma, poisoning, infection, etc.). 2. plexus or nerve root lesions (e.g., nerve root compression due to cervical and lumbar spondylosis, brachial plexus nerve injury, etc.). 3. entrapment peripheral neuropathy (e.g., carpal tunnel syndrome, elbow tunnel syndrome, common peroneal nerve entrapment, plantar tunnel syndrome, etc.). 4. motor neuron disease. 5. muscle disease (e.g., myositis, dermatomyositis, metabolic myopathy, etc.). 6. peripheral nerve diseases caused by systemic diseases, such as diabetes, uremia, alcoholism, etc. 7. hereditary peripheral neuropathies. 8. nerve and muscle diseases caused by other diseases.