Risk factors for cerebrovascular diseases are factors proven by epidemiological studies to be directly associated with the occurrence and development of cerebrovascular diseases. The identification and intervention of risk factors for cerebrovascular diseases is an important basis for the prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, and is the key to reducing their morbidity and mortality. Risk factors of cerebrovascular diseases I. Non-intervention risk factors 1. age, 2. gender, 3. genetic factors. Risk factors that can be intervened 1. hypertension, 2. hyperlipidemia, 3. diabetes, 4. alcoholism, 5. smoking, 6. atrial fibrillation, 7. carotid artery stenosis, 8. diet and nutrition. Prevention of cerebrovascular disease Evidence-based medical evidence suggests that early intervention of risk factors for cerebrovascular disease can effectively reduce the incidence of cerebrovascular disease. I. Primary prevention of cerebrovascular is the occurrence of stroke in individuals with a propensity for stroke and no history of stroke yet, that is, through early changes in unhealthy lifestyles and active control of various controllable risk factors to achieve the goal of keeping cerebrovascular disease from occurring or delaying its occurrence. Comprehensive preventive measures (such as health education and control of risk factors) are carried out, with graded interventions based on the number of risk factors, whether the risk factors have caused the corresponding complications, and the severity of the risk factors. Mainly include: 1. Hypertension Prevention and treatment measures include limiting salt intake, reducing dietary fat content, appropriate physical activity, and long-term adherence to antihypertensive drugs. Blood pressure should be controlled below 140/90mmHg, and for those with hypertension combined with diabetes or kidney disease, blood pressure should be controlled below 130/80mmHg. 2, smoking Smokers should quit smoking, available nicotine replacement and oral smoking cessation drugs. 3. Hyperlipidemia In patients without cardiovascular events but with elevated total blood cholesterol or hyperlipidemia with elevated non-high-density lipoprotein, active lipid-lowering treatment should be given; in patients with normal blood lipids, but with hypertension and diabetes who have had cardiovascular events or are at high risk, statins and lifestyle changes should be given. 4. Diabetes mellitus The ideal level is fasting blood sugar less than 7mmol/L. Blood sugar can be controlled by controlling diet, taking hypoglycemic drugs or using insulin according to the situation. 5. Atrial fibrillation In combination with stroke risk factors such as hypertension and left heart insufficiency, warfarin anticoagulation should be used; for patients without other stroke risk factors and less than 65 years old, aspirin oral therapy is recommended; for patients without other stroke risk factors and more than 75 years old, warfarin anticoagulation is still recommended. 6. Alcohol abuse The amount of alcohol consumption should be reduced or even abstained. 7. Others For those who have risk factors for cerebrovascular disease such as myocardial infarction, carotid stenosis, obesity, hyperhomocysteinemia, etc., appropriate measures should be taken for intervention and treatment. Secondary prevention of cerebrovascular disease is to reduce recurrence by finding the cause of stroke and correcting it for patients who have had one or more strokes. Etiologic prevention is basically the same as primary prevention for risk factors that can be intervened. For patients who have had ischemic stroke, routine antiplatelet therapy with aspirin 75-150 mg/day is recommended, or clopidogrel 75 mg/day for patients with a history of gastric ulcer, aspirin resistance or intolerance. 3 . Anticoagulation therapy Patients with a clear diagnosis of cardiogenic embolism induced by non-valvular lesioned atrial fibrillation should be treated with warfarin. 4 . Intervention of transient ischemic attack Patients with recurrent transient ischemic attacks are at great risk of complete stroke, and the cause of transient ischemic attacks should be actively sought and treated.