(x) Oral contraceptives Oral contraceptives may be harmful in women with other stroke risk factors (eg, smoking, history of thromboembolism) (Class III/Class C); aggressive treatment of stroke risk factors may be reasonable in women who risk taking oral contraceptives (Class IIb/Class C). (xi) Diet and nutrition To reduce blood pressure, the recommendations in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans to reduce sodium intake (<2.3 g/day) and increase potassium intake (≥4.7 g/day) are recommended (Class I/Grade A); a diet rich in fruits and vegetables and low-fat dairy products and reduced intake of saturated fatty acids is recommended to reduce blood pressure (Class I/Grade A); diets rich in fruits and vegetables are high in potassium salts and are beneficial for reduce the risk of stroke (Class I/Grade B). (xii) Lack of physical activity Increasing physical activity is recommended, and those with increased physical activity have a lower risk of stroke (Class I/Level B); Adults should participate in at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity or 75 minutes of high intensity aerobic exercise per week, as recommended in the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (Class I/Level B). (xiii) Obesity and body fat distribution As a measure to reduce blood pressure, weight loss is recommended for overweight and obese individuals (Class I/Level A); For overweight and obese individuals, weight loss is reasonable as a measure to reduce stroke risk (Class IIa/Level B). Overweight: body mass index (BMI) 25-29.9 kg/m2; obese: BMI ≥30 kg/m2; body mass index (BMI) = weight (kg) ÷ height (m)2; abdominal obesity: waist circumference >102 cm (men) or >88 cm (women). Because of the correlation between the frequency of migraine attacks and the risk of stroke, treatment aimed at reducing the frequency of migraine attacks may be justified, but there are no data to confirm that this treatment strategy reduces the incidence of first-time stroke (class IIb/class C). (ii) Metabolic syndrome Treatment of various abnormalities of the metabolic syndrome, including lifestyle modification (i.e., exercise, moderate weight loss, healthy diet, etc.) and pharmacologic therapy (i.e., blood pressure lowering, lipid lowering, glycemic control, and antiplatelet therapy) is recommended, as adopted or suggested by NCEPATP III and JNC7, as well as by the relevant sections of this guideline; it is not known The effectiveness of drugs to reduce insulin resistance in reducing stroke risk (Class IIb/C); Note: The metabolic syndrome should have at least 3 of the following abnormalities: abdominal obesity (abdominal circumference: men >102 cm; women >88 cm); blood triglycerides ≥1.7 mmol/L (150 mg/dl); high-density lipoprotein (HDL): men <1.03 mmol/L HDL: male <1.03 mmol/L; female >1.28 mmol/L; blood pressure: ≥130/≥85 mmHg; fasting glucose ≥6.11 mmol/L.