Bronchial asthma in children is a common disease that seriously endangers children’s health, and there are nearly 30 million asthma patients in China, of which about 10 million are children. However, due to the lack of awareness among parents of children and many doctors, only about 2% of patients with asthma receive standardized treatment in China at present. The incidence of asthma in children is higher than that in adults, and early and correct diagnosis and standardized treatment of asthma in children is important to reduce the incidence of asthma and pulmonary heart disease in adults. There are also some noteworthy problems in the treatment of childhood asthma. I. Untimely diagnosis Children often have recurrent cough and wheezing attacks, and many parents and even some doctors are often reluctant to admit and accept that the children are asthmatic and diagnose them as bronchitis, bronchiectasis or wheezing bronchitis, and use a lot of antibiotics and systemic hormones in clinical treatment. Since asthma is a metabolic inflammatory disease, antibiotics do not eliminate this inflammation, thus delaying the valuable early treatment of asthma. Children with recurrent bronchitis, pneumonia or recurrent cough with wheezing, often with a family history of asthma and a personal history of allergies (eczema, allergic rhinitis, urticaria, etc.) should be highly suspected of having asthma and should be further examined at a pediatric asthma specialist. It has been shown that wheezing has never been considered in the previous consultations of about 16% of children, while 50% of children with asthma are correctly diagnosed 3 years after the onset of the disease. Therefore, children with frequent coughing or wheezing should be carefully questioned about their medical history and treatment process to clarify the diagnosis as early as possible so that the children can be treated early and standardized. II. Inappropriate treatment After the diagnosis of asthma in children, long-term standardized treatment should be provided under the guidance of a pediatric respiratory specialist. According to the condition and age of the child, the appropriate drug and the appropriate method of administration should be selected clinically. 1. Inappropriate choice of inhaled medication Asthma inhaled hormones are divided into two categories, namely pressure quantification aerosols (e.g. fluticasone propionate, colecalciferol) and dry powders (salmeterol/fluticasone propionate, sulforaphane). Pressure dosing aerosols are suitable for use in children of all ages, but children under 5 years of age should be combined with a storage canister to aid inhalation. Dry powder is suitable for children over 4 years of age, but they must be taught repeatedly how to use it before using it. 2. Hormone phobia Many parents and some doctors have fear of glucocorticoids, worrying that long-term use will affect children’s growth and development, so they do not regulate or refuse to apply them. In fact, inhaled hormones are vastly different from the systemic hormones (such as prednisone and dexamethasone) that we commonly use. The daily dosage for children is only 200-400ug, which is 100 times smaller than the dosage of systemic hormones, plus only 20% of the inhaled hormones enter the blood circulation. 3. Premature reduction or discontinuation of children’s asthma has good therapeutic effect, and long-term standardized treatment can make most children achieve “clinical cure” or “complete control”. Asthma treatment is a long-term process, parents should have patience and confidence, and should not arbitrarily reduce or stop the medication when they see that their children’s condition is stable and they have not had an attack. The total course of asthma treatment for children is usually about 2 years. A few children with serious conditions should be treated for a longer period of time. 4, antibiotics for asthma The essence of asthma is non-specific chronic inflammation of the airways, not bacterial infectious inflammation. Therefore, antibiotic treatment for asthma is ineffective. Although there are different views on early inhaled corticosteroids, most experts believe that although some children have the possibility of transitional use of anti-asthmatic drugs, effective anti-allergic drugs and bronchodilators can better shorten or reduce wheezing attacks than the application of antibiotics, and are also in line with the principles of early diagnosis and treatment of childhood asthma. III. Insufficient knowledge of the disease Asthma is a recurrent disease. Some parents do not know enough that asthma is a chronic airway inflammation and are not prepared for long-term medication at the beginning of treatment, paying attention only to the treatment during asthma attacks and neglecting the treatment during remission. When the condition improves slightly, they reduce the dosage or stop the medication on their own. In fact, an asthma attack is only the tip of the iceberg. The symptoms of an asthma attack can be controlled in a few days, but chronic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness still exist, and it takes years to recover. Only by adhering to long-term standardized treatment can airway inflammation be completely eliminated so that asthma can be completely controlled and no more attacks can occur. IV. Insufficient management and education The management of asthmatic children and education of children and parents is an important part of asthma treatment, by raising the awareness of non-pediatric respiratory medical professionals and asthmatic children and their parents about asthma and clarifying the importance of long-term treatment, the level of knowledge and management of childhood asthma treatment is far from adequate for various reasons. There are only two hospitals in our province that have specialized outpatient clinics for children with asthma, and there are only dozens of pediatric asthma specialists, making it impossible for most children with asthma to be treated correctly and in a timely manner. Health education plays a unique role in the treatment of asthma in children. Through health education, children can understand the concept, causes and triggers of asthma, learn the correct use of inhalation aerosol, master the use of peak flow rate meter, and be able to predict asthma attacks, as well as master the first aid measures during acute asthma attacks. Through management education, the children will gain confidence in overcoming the disease, improve their compliance with medication, and improve their overall self-management ability to achieve the goal of long-term asthma management. Children with asthma can learn and live like healthy children.