In 1997, the prevalence of diabetes in China was 2.51%, three times higher than in 1980. 2011, China has replaced India as the world’s number one country for diabetes. The prevalence of diabetes in China is 6.7%, which is already higher than the world average of 6.4%. Moreover, the population at risk of diabetes in China is also expanding, with about 150 million people. The situation is serious. DR is the most serious irreversible complication of diabetic eye disease. Prolonged hyperglycemia is the determining factor in the development of DR and is associated with the duration of the disease and the degree of glycemic control, but not with age, sex and type of diabetes. 26% of patients with 10 to 14 years of disease develop DR, and 63% of patients with 15 years or more of disease. In addition to hyperglycemia as a cause of DR, hypertension and hyperlipidemia are risk factors for the development of DR. DR can be asymptomatic in the early stage, but if the lesion affects the macula or vitreous body, there are symptoms such as vision loss, mosquitoes or visual distortion. Complications such as macular edema, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment and severe blindness can occur in later stages. Treatment: medication, laser and vitreous surgery. Increased observation of diabetic patients is called for. Effective treatment of diabetic retinopathy is determined by timely diagnosis and treatment. Patients with diabetes should visit their ophthalmologist every year for their first examination. This includes a post-dilated fundus examination. The type and severity of retinopathy is graded and treatment is targeted. Specialized treatment by a cardiovascular physician and endocrinologist to maintain normal blood glucose, blood pressure and lipids.