HBV-DNA: This is the deoxyribonucleic acid of the hepatitis B virus (i.e., the hepatitis B virus gene). HBV-DNA is the most direct, specific and sensitive indicator of HBV infection, and a positive HBV-DNA indicates that HBV is replicating and infectious. the higher the HBV-DNA, the more powerful and infectious the virus is replicating. Viruses are structurally divided into two categories, one is RNA virus (ribonucleic acid virus) and the other is DNA virus (deoxyribonucleic acid virus), and hepatitis B virus belongs to the latter. A virus is different from a bacterium, which contains two types of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA), while a virus contains only one type of nucleic acid, or RNA or DNA. nucleic acid is the core part of a virus, where the genes of the virus are located, and without it, the virus cannot replicate. HCV-RNA: is the detection of hepatitis C virus deoxyribonucleic acid. During the acute infection of HCV, the level of viral genome in plasma or serum can reach 105-107 copies/ml. The HCV genome is a long open reading frame (ORF) with non-coding regions on both sides of it, 5′ and 3′, starting from the 5′ end, and the coding region consists of 7 gene regions, namely C, E1, E2, NS1, NS2,NS3, NS4 and NS5, with the C region The C region encodes the nucleocapsid protein, and the E1 and E2/NS1 regions encode the envelope protein. NS2 to NS5 encode non-structural proteins, some of which are not well understood. NS3 encodes helicase and protease, and the NS3 protein is highly antigenic and produces antibodies of diagnostic value. NS5 encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymutase, and antibody positivity to NS5 protein appears to be associated with viral activity.