Cervical cancer is the second most common malignant tumor among women worldwide after breast cancer, and what is more worrying is the new trend of younger, younger and more diverse women with the incidence rate increasing year by year. In China, the management of cases with abnormal cervical cytology smear results and the treatment of cervical precancerous lesions is confusing. It is common to treat patients based solely on cervical cytology smear results, to exaggerate the nature of cervical precancerous lesions, and to overtreat patients. However, there are many misconceptions in the treatment of cervical lesions. 1. Treating cervical erosion as precancerous cervical lesion wrongly For a long time, clinicians have regarded chronic cervicitis and cervical erosion as synonymous, and have actively given various physical treatments such as laser, freezing, microwave, and even Lipo knife to treat cervical disease. These wrong treatments not only bring physical pain and financial loss to healthy women, but also bring quite serious side effects. Young women who have not yet had children can be at double the risk of “miscarriage or premature birth” in future pregnancies if they are over-treated with Lep! The so-called “cervical erosion” is the cervical migratory zone (also known as the transformation zone), which is essentially a physiological phenomenon of cervical columnar epithelial ectopic, not a disease, and does not require treatment. CIN1 and HPV infection are collectively referred to as low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL). New evidence-based findings suggest that the preferred treatment for such lesions is regular observation for up to one year, and that most patients can be cured without treatment within one year. Even if surgical treatment is needed for exceptional circumstances, it should always be administered by a qualified and experienced physician, especially for young patients who have not yet had children, women during pregnancy, immunocompromised women, and postmenopausal women. 3. Missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis and mistreatment of cervical cancer. Misdiagnosis of cervical cancer as cervical erosion, giving simple physical treatment and mistakenly believing that once cervical erosion is treated, cervical cancer will not recur in the future and cervical screening will never be done again. This practice makes the patient lose the best time to treat the disease, causing irreparable damage and great harm. The main reasons for such errors are the non-compliance with the standardized process of screening and diagnosis for medical services, or the irresponsible treatment of patients driven by the financial interests of units and individuals. In the former case, the “three steps (i.e. cytology, colposcopy and histopathology)” of cervical screening should be clarified, and the clinical confirmation of CIN and early cervical cancer should be done through the “three steps” of diagnostic procedures. The latter should be rejected by any socially responsible medical practitioner. In the last 20 years, the diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia has been greatly improved by the introduction of advanced methods such as thin-layer liquid-based cytology, the TBS (the Bethesda System) reporting system and hybridization capture (HCII) for HPV detection. A basic point in diagnosis is to follow the “three-step” model, i.e., cervical cytology screening and HPV testing (if necessary) – colposcopy – cervical biopsy/scraping (ECC). In treatment, the principle of individualization should also be followed. It is important to standardize the treatment of the disease for the benefit of the patient and the growth of the clinician.