Human puberty refers to the period of gradual development and maturation of sexual functions from 11 to 12 years of age to 17 to 18 years of age for girls and from 13 to 14 years of age to 18 to 20 years of age for boys. It is the period of reproductive capacity marked by the development of mature reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics. Adolescence is an important period when people move from early childhood to adulthood, and is the second growth spurt in life after infancy. When women enter puberty, they begin to develop under the influence of estrogen secreted by the ovaries, including breast lobules, breast follicles, breast ducts and subcutaneous tissues, breast suspensory ligaments, etc. They also accumulate fat. The breast tissue is tough and the fat is soft, making the adolescent breast elastic and a sign of female maturity. In males, breast tissue may also develop during puberty, usually at the age of 12 to 16 years old. The enlarged breast tissue usually does not exceed 75px and may be mildly painful to touch, mostly lasting 12 to 18 months, and gradually shrinking and disappearing as male sexual development matures. During this stage, breast care and early detection of breast disease are very important. During this period, she or he develops rapidly physiologically but is in an unstable period psychologically, a special and complex period where dependence and rebellion coexist, and infantilism and independence coexist. They are not aware of the normal physiological phenomena and are confused about the diseases that appear at an early stage, but they are unable to communicate with their teachers and parents in time, which leads to negative consequences and affects their future fertility and breastfeeding, and even causes various social and family problems. The various breast diseases that appear at this stage are mainly congenital malformations and benign diseases, such as mammary fibroadenoma, multiple nipples, multiple breast deformities, nipple invagination, breast dysplasia, gynecomastia, and breast hyperplasia, most of which are preventable and treatable, and the appearance of these diseases requires early diagnosis and early treatment. Other issues including the need to wear bras and how to perform breast care are gaps in science education in most schools at this stage. Therefore, it is incumbent upon medical professionals and educators to help her/him understand these physiological phenomena and diseases and to be well prepared for adolescent health care. It is necessary to coordinate, cooperate and communicate with each other in many aspects, and conduct scientific education to help children in adolescence to have good breast health and prevention of breast diseases in the framework of school, family and hospital, so as to relieve their anxiety and confusion and enable them to grow up healthy and happy.