There are various factors that affect the physical growth of adolescents. There are congenital factors, mainly racial and genetic, such as the height of the parents’ stature, the color of their skin, the amount of hair and its shape, which have a certain degree of influence on their children. There are also acquired factors, such as geographic and climatic conditions, which have been shown to grow heavier in the fall and taller in the spring. Regionally, the tropics develop earlier and the cold zones grow rapidly. In addition, a reasonable living system, fresh air, an environment free of noise and pollution, sunlight, air and water promote metabolism, digestion, absorption and blood circulation, which is beneficial to growth and development. Nutrition is vital to growth and development. A reasonable diet structure is needed in infancy and early childhood, otherwise it will not only affect normal development, but later intelligence. Injuries and diseases, such as long-term digestive disorders, recurrent respiratory infections, endocrine system diseases and underdeveloped brain, all directly affect pediatric growth and development. As well as physical exercise, etc., the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland can secrete a growth hormone after children fall asleep. If sleep is not enough, growth hormone may be blocked, forming mental dwarfism. Experts believe that children who do not receive affection may have a lower average height than children of the same age because they produce less growth hormone in their bodies. We need to find out what factors have a negative impact on children’s growth and development, resulting in children not reaching their full genetic potential and eventually leading to dwarfism.