Lumbar disc herniation, also known as herniated (or prolapsed) nucleus pulposus, or ruptured lumbar disc fibrous annulus, is a relatively common form of clinical back and leg pain. It was first documented when Kocher saw a herniated disc in 1886 by dissecting a patient who had fallen from a height of 30m. This disease is mainly due to the various parts of the lumbar intervertebral disc (nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus and cartilage), especially the nucleus pulposus, after different degrees of degenerative changes, under the action of external factors, the annulus fibrosus of the disc ruptures, and the nucleus pulposus tissue protrudes (or prolapses) from the place of rupture in the posterior or vertebral canal, resulting in the adjacent tissues, such as spinal nerve roots, spinal cord, etc., suffering from irritation or compression, thus producing lumbar pain, one lower limb or A series of clinical symptoms such as numbness and pain in one or both lower extremities.