The combination of laparoscopy and choledochoscopy for the treatment of common bile duct disease differs from traditional open surgery in that the laparoscopy does not require an incision of the abdomen, but first four small 0.5 cm holes are made in the patient’s abdomen, and the laparoscope enters through the first orifice. Then, the gallbladder artery is ligated after removal of the gallbladder with special surgical instruments stretched through the other orifices, at which point the cholangioscope with special dilators is scouted along the bile duct path to find and expose the stones hidden in the “cul-de-sac” – on the screen. The bile duct stones are removed under direct vision. The cholangioscope is a type of endoscope, invented by the Americans in 1965. It is a device specifically designed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes such as examination, biopsy and stone extraction in the biliary tract. It is composed of four systems: light guide and imaging fibers, video conversion, light source, and accessories. The treatment of residual stones after conventional biliary surgery is more difficult, especially for intrahepatic stones. Traditional open surgery cannot completely relieve multiple intrahepatic bile duct strictures, and cannot remove multiple or deep stones, so its results are not very satisfactory so far. Since the introduction of cholangioscopy, a more ideal treatment pathway has been opened for this condition. Since the cholangioscope has the characteristics of direct vision and bending, it can reach where there are stones and remove them, overcoming the blind spot of surgical stone extraction. Therefore, the application of choledochoscopy technology has turned the difficult disease in the past into an easily treatable disease. Clinical practice proves that choledochoscopy is highly effective, fast, safe and easy to use in treating residual stones after biliary surgery, and can avoid the pain of re-operation. Laparoscopy + choledochoscopy is one of the more advanced and complex techniques for the treatment of intra- and extra-hepatic bile duct stones. In recent years, our department has combined laparoscopy and cholangioscopy, combined with the advantages of several treatment methods such as cholangioscopic lithotripsy, to achieve the best combination of treatment of intra- and extra-hepatic bile duct stones and biliary tract diseases.