Human growth hormone, a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, is the most important growth-promoting hormone in the body. The growth of children’s height is mainly achieved by the division and proliferation of cells in the cartilage plate between the long bone stem and the epiphysis, and growth hormone has a significant effect on the division and proliferation of cartilage cells. The efficacy of recombinant human growth hormone in the treatment of pediatric dwarfism has been fully affirmed for more than 20 years, and its therapeutic indications have been gradually expanded, mainly including the following diseases: I. Growth hormone deficiency (GHD): GHD is a short stature caused by insufficient secretion of pituitary growth hormone due to various reasons, which is the main cause of childhood dwarfism and the best indication for growth hormone. It is the best indication for growth hormone. Treatment: The starting dose is 0.1~0.14 IU/kg/day, and the treatment should be started at an early age. If the growth rate is less than 2cm/kg every 3 months, the dose can be increased to 0.15 IU/day. Children with GHD who are in puberty and have short stature can be treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues to inhibit the acceleration of bone age, prolong the time of epiphyseal closure and increase the duration of growth hormone use, which can achieve better results. The effectiveness of growth hormone treatment is related to the degree of growth hormone deficiency, the age of treatment initiation, the course of treatment, the genetic height and the sensitivity of the individual to growth hormone. Idiopathic dwarfism: Idiopathic dwarfism refers to short stature caused by no known cause, including normal variant dwarfism (including familial dwarfism and delayed puberty) and partial growth hormone insensitivity. Growth hormone treatment: Children with idiopathic dwarfism do not lack growth hormone, so the dose is larger than that of GHD patients, generally 0.15-0.20 IU/kg per day, and the efficacy is observed for 3 months. In puberty, gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues can be used in combination to delay the acceleration of bone age by sex hormones and prolong the use of growth hormone. Precocious puberty with dwarfism: Precocious puberty often causes adult lifetime height to be lower than the genetic target height, especially in patients with dwarfism. Therefore, some patients with precocious puberty need to be treated with growth hormone at a dose of 0.15 to 0.20 IU/kg per day, which can be used in combination with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues or used alone. Turner syndrome: also known as congenital ovarian hypoplasia, is caused by complete or partial deletion or structural aberration of one X chromosome in all or some somatic cells, and some patients have growth hormone deficiency. Growth hormone treatment: The principle of growth hormone treatment for Turner syndrome is timely diagnosis and early treatment, and the younger the patient is, the better the outcome. For those with growth hormone deficiency, the dosage is the same as that for growth hormone deficiency; for those without growth hormone deficiency, a higher dosage is needed: 0.15-0.20 IU/kg per day, and estrogen treatment can be added until the age of 12 years. V. Children less than fetal age: The birth weight or length is less than 2 SD of the weight or length of a normal child of the same fetal age; SGA develops spontaneous catch-up growth after birth and can catch up with normal children of the same age mostly at the age of 3. About 10% of SGAs are still below 2 SD in height in children and adults. The dose of growth hormone treatment is 0.15-0.20IU/kg per day, after catching up with the normal height of children of the same age, the drug will be stopped and observed. Prader-Williy syndrome: Prader-Williy syndrome is a syndrome caused by paternally imprinted SNRPN gene and some other gene deletions, which manifests as short stature, severe obesity, low muscle tone, intellectual development disorder and gonadal dysplasia. Growth hormone treatment method: the dose is 0.15-0.20IU/kg per day, and the efficacy is observed. Noonan syndrome: Noonan syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by short stature, congenital heart defects and special facial features and signs, including wide eye spacing, downward strabismus, triangular face, neck webbing, short neck, low ear position, and chest deformity (thoracic narrowing or sternal inversion). Growth hormone treatment: The dose is 0.15~0.20IU/kg per day, and the efficacy should be observed. Growth hormone treatment should be followed up and monitored during the course of treatment, generally once every 3 months. Items include height, weight, insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3, blood glucose and liver function; thyroid function should be measured at the end of the first course of treatment, and if it decreases, the patient should be followed up according to hypothyroidism treatment; bone age should be measured once a year during the pre-pubertal stage and once every six months during the pubertal stage. Discontinuation time: The drug can be discontinued when the height growth rate is less than 2 cm per year and the bone age is 16 years old for boys and 15 years old for girls during the course of growth hormone treatment in late adolescence.