The carotid artery is a major lifeline for the human body, connecting the brain and the heart and providing a constant flow of blood to the brain. However, once the carotid artery stenosis occurs, the lack of blood supply to the brain will bring the harm is self-evident. Therefore, suffering from carotid stenosis must be vigilant, face the danger of the disease, and actively go to a regular hospital to receive treatment is critical, so as to avoid the problem more serious. Carotid artery stenosis has many effects, the development of serious will induce a stroke, can lead to paralysis, and may even cause death. Carotid stenosis is a major medical research problem, and treatment must be actively pursued after the disease has developed. Some patients with mild carotid stenosis can be relieved and controlled by medication, but if the stenosis develops into moderate to severe carotid stenosis, medication alone may not work, and surgery is necessary to achieve the goal of treatment. The concept of surgical treatment is completely different from that of medication, as carotid endarterectomy can remove the plaque that is blocking the patient’s blood flow, helping to restore the normal size of the vessel lumen and promote smooth blood flow. However, because the anatomy of the human neck is very complex and surgical procedures are very demanding, carotid endarterectomy is not very popular and widespread in China.