The risk factors of cholecystectomy are mainly determined by the patient’s own physical condition, the severity of the disease, the complexity of the surgery, etc. Different surgical methods lead to different surgical risks, and there are two types of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and open cholecystectomy commonly used in clinical practice, but the risk factors in surgery are common: 1. biliary heart syndrome: the biggest risk of cholecystectomy lies in the surgical pulling and When removing the gallbladder, it is easy to induce biliary heart syndrome, which induces cardiac or respiratory arrest and can be life-threatening in serious cases; 2. Biliary tract injury: when ligating the gallbladder artery or the bile duct, because some patients have vascular or bile duct anatomical variants, it is easy to damage the extrahepatic bile duct, which can lead to serious complications such as biliary fistula and peritonitis after surgery; 3. Bleeding: the gallbladder has heavy inflammation and dense adhesions, and the surgery involves some important vessels The operation involves some important vessels such as the right hepatic artery, the V5 branch of the hepatic vein, and the portal vein, which are at risk of intraoperative bleeding; 4, infection: septic gangrene and perforated cholecystitis may lead to wound infection and fat liquefaction after cholecystectomy, which should be treated with anti-infection therapy, and wound healing should be paid attention to and actively treated with drug changes; 5, other: appropriate intravenous nutritional support is needed after surgery, and patients should be instructed to get out of bed as soon as possible to promote gastrointestinal activity and avoid intestinal adhesions and intestinal obstruction. Avoid the occurrence of intestinal adhesions and intestinal obstruction.