Retroperitoneal hematoma can be caused by direct or indirect violence. The most common causes are: pelvic and spinal fractures; rupture of retroperitoneal organs (kidney, bladder, duodenum and pancreas, etc.) and injuries to large blood vessels and soft tissues. They are usually caused by trauma and are categorized as open or closed. The treatment of retroperitoneal hematoma should follow the general principles of abdominal injury treatment, close observation of the patient’s blood pressure, pulse, respiration, body temperature and other vital signs changes, for severe hemorrhagic shock, in the anti-shock treatment, anti-infection treatment at the same time, rapid surgical exploration of the bleeding site. For the treatment of retroperitoneal hematoma, first of all, should be admitted to the hospital for observation and treatment, and then decide the treatment plan according to the specific situation. 1. Open retroperitoneal hematoma: emergency surgery should be performed to clean up the hematoma and stop bleeding with timely compression, and at the same time, give hemostasis, anti-shock and anti-infection treatments. Commonly used anti-shock treatments need to replenish the appropriate balance of salts and plasma, and require the use of dobutamine, epinephrine and so on. 2. Closed retroperitoneal hematoma without organ damage: no organ damage is found after examination, and the general vital signs are relatively stable, so observation, hemostasis, prevention of infection and other conservative treatments can be given. If there is organ damage, timely surgical treatment is needed. 3. Closed retroperitoneal hematoma with organ damage: conservative treatment should be given under close observation, replenishment of fluids, hemostasis and other treatments. If the condition continues to deteriorate, blood pressure drops, shock worsens, etc., then timely surgical treatment should be carried out.