Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) carries some risk of cancer, but the specifics vary from person to person. GERD is a group of disorders caused by abnormal functioning of the anti-reflux barrier, which results in the backflow of gastroduodenal contents into the esophagus. When reflux continues to repeatedly irritate the lower esophageal mucosa, it may lead to Barrett’s esophagus, a lesion resembling intestinal epithelial hyperplasia in the normal mucosal tissue of the lower esophagus. About 0.06 to 0.62% of GERD in the Asia-Pacific region leads to Barrett’s esophagus, which has a tendency to malignantly transform into esophageal adenocarcinoma. Although there is a certain probability for GERD to Barrett’s esophagus to esophageal adenocarcinoma, whether it is cancerous or not varies from person to person. Patients do not need to have too much psychological burden, but if diagnosed with GERD should pay attention to it and treat it actively to avoid adverse effects.