There are many patients with melasma in China, but its specific causes are not clear at present, but there are many triggers: sun exposure, poor rest, poor emotional and mental conditions, endocrine disorders, constipation, gynecological diseases, pregnancy, liver and thyroid diseases, diabetes, use of phenytoin sodium and other drugs, multiple use of color cosmetics, improper use of spot-removing and whitening products, etc. Of course, triggers such as trauma, dermatitis or other stimuli may also stimulate the appearance of melasma, and some patients may not even find the triggers. The triggers may be different for everyone, but once melasma appears, basically all the triggers may affect it (such as aggravating it). In the case of melasma, treatment requires the efforts of both parties, and physicians can only treat the symptoms but not the root cause, because the triggers are basically related to the patient’s condition; the patient is actually the key to successful treatment, and needs to pay attention to protection in general, otherwise it is easy to repeat. Laser treatment is a safer treatment option at present, but it is more suitable for melasma with darker color, while those with lighter color may have side effects such as pigmentation, which is manifested as aggravation of melasma and takes longer time to subside. Generally, it can also be combined with topical and oral medication for better effect and longer effect maintenance, so it is recommended to have a professional doctor’s consultation in person. At present, there is no single method to cure melasma, but with comprehensive treatment and proper self-protection, most patients can get significant improvement and even fade away completely in some time. In conclusion, laser and medication treatments are often treating the symptoms but not the root cause, and the main purpose is to lighten the pigmentation that has already appeared. If one cooperates with the doctor properly, finds out the possible causes and adds reasonable protection, and the pigmentation does not recur significantly, melasma can be lightened relatively long-term and safely, and even disappear basically for a period of time.