Definition of chloasma Chloasma occurs on forehead, eyebrows, nose bridge, cheeks, upper lip, etc. It looks like a butterfly, so it is also called butterfly spot; in patients with advanced hepatitis, liver cancer, liver cirrhosis and poor liver function, the skin becomes dark and yellow, accompanied by chloasma, which is usually called liver spot; when women are pregnant, due to the great changes in endocrine secretion, pregnancy spots often appear. Melasma is mostly related to endocrine, especially sex hormone imbalance, and is a common pigmentation disease. Treatment of melasma The treatment of melasma is very difficult and there is no special cure so far. Commonly used treatment methods are: 1. Systemic medication 1. Tranexamic acid: The effect of tranexamic acid in treating melasma is very accurate, but its treatment mechanism is still unknown. It can be used in combination with vitamin C and glutathione. 2.Plant extracts: such as Centella asiatica glucoside, green tea extract, Salvia officinalis extract, glycyrrhizin, Kawarazin, etc., all have the effect of inhibiting melanin formation. 3, Traditional Chinese medicine: liver and kidney yin deficiency can take Liu Wei Di Huang Wan, nourishing liver and kidney pills; Qi and blood is not harmonized can take Yi Yao Wan, Shu Liver Pills, Bai Feng Wan. Blood stasis can be reduced by using Peach Red Four Objects Soup and Tongkang and Blood Activation Soup. Local medication 1. Topical medication. It is the simplest and most commonly used treatment method. Topical tyrosinase inhibitor ointment, such as 5% hydroquinone cream, 2-4% tretinoin cream and 3% arbutin, etc.. All of them have different degrees of efficacy after application. However, it is difficult to control the concentration of use, and it is easy to produce secondary hyperpigmentation after the use of drugs, especially in yellow people who are prone to this complication. Topical drugs are prone to produce adverse consequences such as dermatitis, skin atrophy and aggravation of pigmentation. 2.Mask therapy. Mask therapy includes simple mask agent, mask cream massage method and inversion mask method. The drug composition of mask cream plays a key influence on the treatment of melasma. At present, there are mask creams for pigment removal, whitening mask creams and herbal masks specializing in melasma treatment. 3.Laser treatment. The effect of laser treatment for melasma is not exact, and the reported results vary. Generally, Q-switched laser, fractional laser and photorejuvenator are mostly used to treat pigmentation. For some relatively superficial melasma, it may have certain effect, while for deep melasma, it is difficult to achieve good results. Here are several common prevention and treatment methods: 1. Avoid sunlight. Since it has been confirmed that ultraviolet radiation will cause melanin to increase, avoiding sun exposure can avoid the aggravation of melasma and ensure the treatment effect of melasma. It is necessary to use shading tools or sunscreen during outdoor activities. 2. Reduce stimulation. Try to reduce the stimulation to the facial skin, especially the vigorous rubbing to the pigmented parts, and must be gentle when washing the face and reduce the massage care to the face. Many melasma patients tend to make up and remove makeup repeatedly on the lesion area, which is a kind of stimulation to melasma and causes further deterioration of melasma. 3. Stop using contraceptive pills. Melasma will be reduced after certain people stop using contraceptive pills. 4.Reduce cosmetics. Try to reduce the use of cosmetics, especially avoid using fragrant and irritating cosmetics.