What is melasma?

  This disease, also called liver spots, is a common hyperpigmented skin disease that occurs on the face. The clinical manifestations are yellowish brown, dark brown or dark brown patches, often symmetrically distributed on the cheeks in the shape of butterflies, but also involving the forehead, arch of the eyebrows, around the eyes, cheekbones, back of the nose, nose, upper lip and chin and other facial skin. The patches are of different shapes, either round, striped, or butterfly-shaped. The edges are clear, the surface is smooth, and there is no scaling. Generally, there are no conscious symptoms and general discomfort. In some women, it is aggravated before menstruation.  The occurrence of this disease is mostly related to the imbalance of female hormone metabolism, which is common in menstrual disorders, pregnancy, oral contraceptives and liver disease, while sun exposure and mental trauma are common triggers. Estrogen, progesterone and sunlight exposure can promote the metabolism of melanin and increase the amount of melanin contained in melanocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis, resulting in darkening of the skin color.  Based on the medical history and the yellow-brown pigmented spots on the face, it is generally easy to diagnose, but it is necessary to exclude Rheumatoid melanosis, tarry melanosis, reticulopigmented skin heterochromatosis, etc.  Modern medicine has no satisfactory treatment for this disease, the main treatment methods used include internal vitamin C, external decolorizing agents such as 5% white mercury ointment, 3% hydrogen peroxide, 10-20% hydroquinone monophenyl ether ointment. Also can use 0.1% retinoic acid, 5% hydroquinone, 0.1% dexamethasone with hydrophilic ointment external application, all have certain effect.  This disease is identified as “blood stagnation” in Chinese medicine, or due to poor qi flow, liver depression and heat, resulting in blood stagnation on the face; or due to liver disease and spleen, spleen loss of health, turbid yin does not descend, phlegm and dampness within the stagnant, can not make the qi and blood moisten the skin on the face; or due to kidney yang deficiency, yin diffuse, resulting in the skin qi color exhaustion, blood stagnation into pieces; or due to kidney water is not full, blood deficiency or because the kidney water is not full, the blood is deficient, and the fire is dry and stagnant.