Stem cell transplantation is a newly emerging treatment for cerebral palsy that has been touted as having miraculous efficacy. However, it is worth considering whether stem cell transplantation is really effective in treating cerebral palsy. The advantages of stem cell transplantation for the treatment of pediatric cerebral palsy have been introduced on many websites and media, so is this “miraculous” stem cell transplantation technology really a good treatment for cerebral palsy? Let’s take a deeper look to see if it is a genuine miracle treatment or a fraudulent trick? The brain is a common central nervous system disorder during the pediatric period, the lesion is in the brain, but the limbs are involved, the manifestation is diverse, can be accompanied by mental retardation, convulsions, auditory and visual impairment, abnormal behavior, etc. It is one of the main diseases that cause disability in children. According to research, there are at least 1011 neurons in the human brain, and the neurons have to function through synapses to form an intricate system of neural networks to reach the effectors. It is believed that since nerve cell damage causes motor impairment, if neurons can be replenished or regenerated it will be possible to cure cerebral palsy. Therefore, some institutions have invested in research on neural stem cell transplantation to treat cerebral palsy and keep claiming its various advantages, so that many cerebral palsy patients and their families seem to see a ray of light. The stem cell transplantation treatment for cerebral palsy advertised by these institutions is to extract the corresponding stem cells from blood to isolate and purify them in vitro and then input them into the patient’s body by static point or interventional methods to promote the regeneration and repair of damaged brain tissue cells and then achieve the purpose of functional reconstruction. However, in fact, there are still many defects or unsolved problems in the clinical application of neural stem cell transplantation in the treatment of cerebral palsy, so let’s see what are the problems faced by “stem cell therapy”? 1. Can neural stem cells be differentiated into neural cells of certain purity? Can neural stem cells “grow” in the right place after transplantation into the brain? Can these re-grown neural cells survive for a long time? How to obtain the neural stem cells is even more difficult. Until now, there is no mature technology to isolate, purify and expand neural stem cells from umbilical cord blood. In other words, no one knows which isolation method is the best, to what extent the purification can be used for transplantation, and what indicators the expanded stem cells have to meet before they are “qualified”. 2, the human brain is incredibly sophisticated so far people still do not know much about this, the nervous system is the “road” to transmit signals, one by one nerve cells clever and precise transmission of electrical signals, so that we know to lift the leg when we see the steps. But even if we could safely transplant neural stem cells into the brain, would those stem cells be able to get to the exact place that needs to be repaired? Can they transmit information like other nerve cells once they get there? At present, there is no definite answer to all these questions. Although embryonic stem cells and neural stem cells can be differentiated into neural cells in in vitro culture, the percentage of differentiation into functional neurons is not high, only about 20-30%, and there is a certain degree of difference in each artificially induced differentiation, so the output cells cannot be completely uniform. The number of neurons that can be transformed into neurons in the uncontrolled environment in vivo is not yet clear, not to mention that they have to be transformed into neurons with motor function at specific sites through migration. Even under the best laboratory conditions, the growth rate is not more than 1 mm per day, which means that it may take a long time to form the connection between neurons and “target cells”. This means that it may take a long time to form the connection between neurons and “target cells”, and more importantly, the problem of directed neuronal connection has not been solved yet. 5.The efficacy of stem cells after transplantation cannot be determined and is still in the experimental stage. At the same time, many clinical trials that have been conducted have not been rigorously controlled studies, and no long-term efficacy has been found, so it is currently impossible to provide direct evidence for the reliability of cell transplantation therapy. 6. Stem cells may develop into tumor cells The existence of tumorigenicity of stem cells is an international consensus and research focus. The Stem Cell Center of Peking University has confirmed that neural stem cells with relatively high maturity also have high tumorigenicity after transplantation. Research at Xuanwu Hospital has shown that cells differentiated from embryonic stem cells are highly tumorigenic after transplantation while exerting therapeutic effects. Theoretically, as long as cells with the ability to divide and proliferate are implanted in animals, they have the potential to form tumors. Is it possible that a small number of cell transplants do not grow tumors but may have therapeutic effects? There is no uniform understanding of how much transplantation is appropriate. What are the cells that directly produce tumors? What are the characteristics of these cells? How to ensure the differentiation potential of stem cells while suppressing their excessive proliferation? These and other questions need to be addressed by scientists in depth. Therefore, only through meticulous preclinical large animal (monkey) tests can we enter the new era of stem cell technology widely used in clinical practice. 7.Neural stem cell transplantation technology is still in the research stage, and its technology is still immature and there are uncertainties in the key parts. Therefore, it is not difficult to imagine that this technology is still in the preliminary stage of clinical application in the treatment of cerebral palsy, and even if there are some successful cases, it is still worthwhile to know whether it can Even if there are some successful cases, it is still debatable whether it can guarantee a comprehensive and reliable treatment effect. It is extremely irresponsible to take advantage of the eagerness of cerebral palsy patients and their family members to seek medical treatment and to exaggerate the effectiveness of neural stem cell transplantation, which is not based on any scientific evidence. In addition, compared to FSPR, which is a mature technology with immediate results, the cost of stem cell transplantation, which can cost tens of thousands of dollars, is not affordable for all families of cerebral palsy patients. Nowadays, many neurological scientists at home and abroad are working to solve these problems. Although experts are optimistic about the future clinical application of neural stem cell transplantation, they have to face the fact that it is still far from mature clinical application, and even in the laboratory, no ideal results have been achieved. Therefore, the treatment of cerebral palsy by neural stem cell transplantation can only be described as a hope for now. There is not yet a very authoritative institution or organization to make a fair and objective evaluation of the efficacy of neural stem cell transplantation in the treatment of cerebral palsy. Therefore, there is no scientific basis for the claim that stem cell transplantation has a miraculous effect on the treatment of cerebral palsy as propagated by some institutions. At the current level of medical development, FSPR is still one of the more effective methods for treating cerebral palsy, especially for spastic cerebral palsy, which can eradicate spasticity and release excessive muscle tone.