Worldwide, colorectal cancer has become the third most common malignant tumor. In China, colorectal cancer is the fourth most common cancer, of which rectal cancer accounts for 50-60%. The rectum is located at the end of the colon, deep in the pelvic cavity, behind the prostate of the bladder or the posterior wall of the vagina of the uterus, adjacent to the pelvic wall on both sides, and continuing with the anus at the distal end. Because of the special location of the rectum, rectal cancer surgery is often difficult to completely remove and the anus cannot be preserved, so the treatment of rectal cancer has become one of the difficult points in surgical oncology treatment. Since Mayer’s first combined abdominoperineal resection 100 years ago, the treatment effect of rectal cancer has been greatly improved, and it has almost become the standard operation for rectal cancer. However, this procedure necessitated the removal of the anus in favor of an abdominal colostomy, which significantly reduced the quality of life of patients. Research in recent decades has clarified the metastasis pattern of rectal cancer, and our extensive clinical practice has also shown that not all rectal cancers require a combined abdominal perineal resection abdominal colostomy. Especially in the last decade or so, the surgical techniques of rectal cancer have been significantly improved with the deepening of clinical research, and the use of new medical devices, such as various anastomoses, closures, purse forceps and other surgical instruments, has made rectal cancer anus-preserving surgery increasingly mature. Through the accumulation of practical experience, Dr. Heald in the United Kingdom proposed the theory of total rectal mesenteric resection in the early 1980s, and this technique was gradually promoted and applied, and the surgical technique for rectal cancer entered a brand new stage. In the past, complete removal of tumor was the only goal of rectal cancer treatment, but now it is required to completely remove the tumor and preserve the best possible function, i.e. to cure the tumor and have a good quality of life – the dual goal. The Department of Colorectal Cancer of Zhejiang Cancer Hospital is the first comprehensive treatment specialty of colorectal cancer established in China, and has accumulated more than 8000 cases of colorectal cancer treatment experience in nearly two decades of clinical practice. In the past ten years or so, a lot of research has been conducted in rectal cancer anal preservation surgery, which has achieved remarkable curative effect. For example, the series of improved surgical procedures of drag-out colorectal anastomosis is applied to low rectal cancer, which enables many patients who originally had to have their anus removed for abdominal colostomy to retain the complete anus and live a normal life; the combination of rectal cancer with posterior vaginal wall resection using small intestinal wall with vascular tip or uterine plasma muscle flap to reconstruct the vagina and preserve the anus allows some relatively advanced female rectal cancer patients to have their tumor completely removed while preserving the anus. This surgery is the first of its kind in China. This surgery is the first of its kind in China. A series of anus-preserving surgery specifications for rectal cancer were introduced, strictly implementing tumor-free operation, total rectal mesenteric resection for lower rectal cancer, preservation of pelvic autonomic nerves, and selective pelvic lymphatic dissection, which ensures complete resection and reduces postoperative complications such as sexual dysfunction and urinary retention. For rectal cancer in different areas, we apply a series of anal preservation procedures such as hand suture method, anastomosis single anastomosis method, anastomosis double anastomosis method and drag-out colorectal anastomosis. She also specializes in the management of postoperative anastomotic stenosis, rectovaginal fistula, intestinal fistula and other complications of rectal cancer. For middle and late stage rectal cancer, we adopt preoperative adjuvant radiotherapy to make rectal cancer shrink significantly and reduce the activity of residual cancer cells at the same time, and then perform surgical resection, striving to eliminate the cancer in one go! Improve the cure rate and anus preservation rate of rectal cancer. Radical resection surgery can be completed under laparoscopy for some earlier rectal cancers, which is less traumatic to the human body, faster recovery after surgery and less impact on the shape. Since March 2010, our hospital has been carrying out multidisciplinary discussion on colorectal cancer. Every Tuesday morning from 11:00 to 13:00 at the Telemedicine Consultation Center on the 6th floor of the outpatient building of Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, the MDT team composed of relevant experts from the Department of Surgery, Department of Radiotherapy, Department of Chemotherapy, Department of Intervention, Department of Radiology and Imaging, Department of Pathology, Department of Laboratory and Department of Nursing will conduct comprehensive assessment of colorectal cancer patients and formulate individualized comprehensive This has enabled many advanced and difficult cases to be treated optimally. In conclusion, as clinical and basic research on rectal cancer has been intensified in the past decade or so, it has opened up a broader prospect for the treatment of rectal cancer. Fine surgical techniques, reasonable surgical scope, the promotion of high-tech applications and more mature integrated treatment plans will significantly improve the cure rate of rectal cancer and the quality of life of rectal cancer patients!