Melasma, also known as liver spots, is a type of facial melanosis, a pigmentation spot that occurs on the face.
The etiology is unclear and is often thought to be related to altered endocrine function. It is seen in women who are pregnant or taking oral contraceptives and other factors. Chloasmagravidarum (pregnancy melasma) in women during pregnancy starts commonly in the third to fifth month of pregnancy, and the pigmentation gradually disappears after delivery. Facial hyperpigmentation may be due to the combination of estrogen and progesterone for treatment, which stimulates melanocytes, while progesterone promotes the transit and diffusion of melanosomes, increasing melanin production and promoting hyperpigmentation.
It is also seen in long-term chronic gastrointestinal disease, liver disease, tuberculosis, cancerous tumors, malignant lymphoma and chronic alcoholism among students. Abundant long-term contribution to the application of certain such drugs such as phenytoin sodium, dormant, birth control pills can occur chloasma. In addition genes, strong sunlight, cosmetic application of Shenyang can also induce chloasma. Melasma is also seen in unmarried, non-pregnant normal women or men, and its cause is unknown.
Basic clinical manifestations of melasma.
The lesions are light brown or yellow-brown spots with clear borders and irregular shapes, symmetrically distributed near the orbits, forehead, eyebrow arch, nose, cheeks, lips and perioral area, without self-conscious symptoms and general discomfort.
Treatment of melasma.
Avoid sun exposure and try to remove the cause of the disease if there is one. Melasma caused by birth control pills should be stopped, but it may not necessarily subside in a short period of time.
1.Systemic treatment is good at taking large amount of vitamin C orally, 1~3g per day, or vitamin C 2g by injection. Vitamin C can reduce the dark-colored oxidized pigment to light-colored reduced pigment, and reduce dopaquinone to dopa, thus inhibiting the formation of melanin.
2, local treatment study abroad topical topical and oral medicine United Nations external application, the efficacy is better.
(1) depigmentation agents 1) hydroquinone preparations 3% to 5% hydroquinone cream, 2.6 tert-butyl p-phenol cream, 10% to 20% hydroquinone monophenylether cream and 3% hydroquinone monopropionate, local topical application can be effective. Hydroquinone society mainly blocks the reaction process from tyrosine to dopa catalyzed by tyrosinase to reduce the formation of melanin, that is, to prevent the oxidation of tyrosine to dihydroxyphenylalanine (do-pa) and effectively prevent the production of melanin. Hydroquinone cream should not be applied to rub the normal skin near the damage, and should not be used too much to avoid patchy and uneven skin color. Very few patients in the United States can be allergic to dermatitis. 20% hydroquinone monobenzy lether of hydioquinone emulsion or ointment can be applied article, in the skin into hydroquinone has the same effect, may be effective in stubborn cases, should be noted that easy to cause allergy and uneven discoloration or permanent discoloration.
(2) retinoic acid preparation Use 0.1% retinoic acid, 5% hydroquinone, 0.1% dexamethasone into hydrophilic ointment or into an equal amount of propylene glycol alcohol solution (solution must be freshly prepared). Topical application twice a day, the group treatment often starts with erythema irritation when the tutor, about 4-6 weeks after the pigmentation can be significantly reduced.
(3) 2-5% hydrogen peroxide external rubbing can also be decolorized.
(2) Shading agent In the treatment of professional melasma, shading agent is combined to enhance the therapeutic effect. The shading agent can? Protect the skin from damage and pigmentation by protecting it from ultraviolet light and visible light.
(1) Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) Easily absorbs medium-wave ultraviolet light (280-320nm). The 50% to 60% alcohol solution of 5% PABA is the most effective, note that it can cause allergy. Suo-guide is currently used in the tutor clinic.
(2) benzyl salicylate (also known as Salo, Salol) is often formulated as a 10% cream for external use.
(3) titanium dioxide 5% titanium dioxide cream for external use, has the effect of sun spots.
(3) anti-skin aging agents 1) 1% vitamin E cream topical vitamin E can inhibit free radical-induced lipid peroxidation, prevent skin aging and pigmentation.
(2) 15% sea buckthorn emulsion It is made from a mixture of plant oil extracted from sea buckthorn fruit plus emulsion base mixture. Sea buckthorn contains vitamin C, E, β-carrot? and a variety of medical amino acids, which have long-term anti-aging and pigmentation reduction effects.
3. Chinese medicine treatment different Chinese medicine treatment cited many methods, the efficacy varies. For different meetings, patients should be treated according to the evidence. For the type of liver depression and qi stagnation, the method of dredging the liver, regulating qi and activating blood can be used. For spleen deficiency, Er Chen Tang and Si Jun Zi Tang should be used. The kidney deficiency type is reduced by Six Flavored Dihuang Wan.
Patients with chloasma are mostly suffering from kidney yin deficiency, so Qiju Dihuang plus Phellodendron and Chen Pi Tang can be used as the main treatment base so far. To activate blood circulation and dredge liver and qi, use Blood Mansions and Stagnation Soup and Peach Nut and Four Objects Soup.
Myths of Melasma Removal
One of the misconceptions is that at the early stage of melasma, many women don’t care about the spots when they just appear on their face and are not very serious, so they casually use cosmetics with spot removal function and remove spots by themselves without the guidance of professionals. As a result, the spots become more and more serious, the treatment becomes more and more difficult, and the best time to get rid of spots is delayed. In fact, the earlier the blemishes are treated, the easier it is. Of course, the correct method of removing blemishes should be chosen, otherwise it will not only fail to solve the problem, but also aggravate the blemishes and increase the time and economic cost of treatment.
◆ Misconception No.2: Separate spots without treatment.
The skin is generally divided into sensitive skin, dry skin, oily skin, neutral skin, etc. Each type of skin may have the phenomenon of spots, that is to say, the reasons for each skin spot can be treated differently, but when it comes to spot removal, many women’s understanding is very vague. Serious skin allergies often occur, resulting in the recurrence and aggravation of pigmentation, so the removal of spots must be divided into skin type to achieve the maximum effect of real whitening.
Myth No. 3: Only focus on “effect” regardless of the consequences.
Many patients have an eager mood for spot removal, always hoping to make their face as light and tender as before in a day or two. It is this kind of eager mood that makes many people choose the “quick effect” peeling method or short-term skin bleaching to remove spots, which seems to have immediate effect, but in fact, their skin surface is being seriously damaged and their own immunity is greatly weakened, which is easily transformed into more stubborn pigmentation spots such as sun spots and dermal spots by the sun. This will make the later treatment more difficult.
Myth No. 4: Pigmentation is incurable.
Many people who have had many experiences in beauty salons have lost confidence in removing spots. In fact, pigmentation can be cured, but only for different skin types and different reasons of pigmentation can we propose a targeted spot removal plan to maximize whitening.
[Melasma Removal Remedies, for reference only]
Eat dried persimmon to get rid of chloasma [raw materials] dried persimmon appropriate amount, eat it every day, effective for a long time.
[Efficacy] moisten the heart and lungs, remove black spots. It is suitable for facial black spots and freckles.
Eat milk paste to get rid of chloasma [raw materials] walnuts 30 grams, buttermilk 300 grams, soy milk 200 grams, black sesame seeds 20 grams, sugar moderate amount.
[Production] Put walnuts and black sesame seeds into a small mill, then mix them with buttermilk and soymilk, put them into a pot and boil them, then add sugar to taste; you can also beat raw eggs while boiling, stirring and cooking.
Eat 1 small bowl each day in the morning and evening. Can be eaten regularly.
[Efficacy] Emollient and pleasant to the skin. Suitable for skin chloasma and wrinkled skin.
Eat Coix congee to get rid of chloasma [raw materials] 1 pair of pig kidney, 100 grams of yam, 200 grams of japonica rice, 50 grams of coix seeds with water [production] pig kidney to remove the fascia, shameful gland, chopped, washed, with peeled and chopped yam, japonica rice, coix seeds, water together, cooked with low heat into a porridge, add seasoning to taste. Eat in separate meals.
[Efficacy] It has the effect of tonifying the kidney and benefiting the skin. It is suitable for pigmentation and dark spot skin.
Drink hawthorn drink to get rid of chloasma [raw materials] hawthorn, orange peel drink appropriate amount of each; [production] hawthorn, orange peel with water to boil, to be cooled, filtered with gauze slag to take the juice with honey call. Can often drink.
[Efficacy] Clearing black spots. Suitable for facial black spots and freckles.
Drink beauty juice to get rid of chloasma [raw material] snow pear 100 grams, sugar cane 200 grams, grapes 300 grams, honey 100 grams.
[Production] will be snow pear, sugar cane, grapes washed and stirred juice to remove dregs, and honey mixed with the bottle spare. Eat 10 ml each morning and evening, with boiling water to. [efficacy] clear lung heat, nourish the five internal organs and six organs. Suitable for facial gray, black spots, freckles.
Drink anti-spot drink to get rid of chloasma 〔Raw materials〕 100 grams each of soy beans, mung beans and adzuki beans, and the right amount of white sugar.
[Production] Wash and soak soybeans, mung beans and adzuki beans until swollen, then mix and pound the juice, add the right amount of water and boil, and drink with sugar seasoning. Drink 3 times a day. Efficacy] Nourish the five internal organs and moisten the six organs. It is suitable for facial gray, chloasma and freckles.
Eat goat’s milk soup to get rid of chloasma [Ingredients] 250 ml of goat’s milk, 2 eggs, 50 grams of rock sugar, appropriate amount of water.
【Production】 Boil the rock sugar with water, pour in the goat milk and boil, beat the eggs, stir evenly and boil, then serve. Can be consumed regularly. Efficacy] Replenish the middle energy, benefit the six organs, and nourish the skin. It is suitable for dark and thin gray face, chloasma and freckles.
Eat three kernel porridge to get rid of chloasma [raw materials] three kernel beauty porridge: 10 grams each of peach kernel, sweet almond and white kernel, 1 egg, 10 grams of rock sugar, 50 grams of round-grained rice.
1. Research the peach kernel and other 3 flavors into fine powder; 2. Wash the japonica rice, put it in a casserole, add the peach kernel and other 3 flavors of fine powdered Chinese medicine and appropriate amount of water, boil over high fire, beat the egg and simmer the porridge over moderate fire; 3. When the porridge is ready, add sugar and mix well.
20 doses for 1 course of treatment, followed by the next course of treatment after 5 days interval.
[efficacy] has blood circulation and blood stasis, laxative, skin care and skin beauty effects.
Older people often take this porridge can reduce pigmentation spots and slow down skin aging.
There are many kinds of foods that have the effect of maintaining skin and eliminating freckles in natural food. Now we introduce several food treatments that have been clinically proven to be effective.
1. Mung bean and lily whitening soup: Wash mung bean, adzuki bean and lily and soak them in appropriate amount of water for half an hour. After boiling on high heat, change to low heat and cook until the beans are ready. According to personal preference, add salt or sugar to taste. The vitamins contained in green beans and lilies can reduce melanin and have a bleaching effect.
2. Loofah tea: 15 grams of loofah, 20 grams of poria, 5 grams of silkworm, 10 grams of white chrysanthemum, 5 roses, 5 red dates. The above ingredients will be decocted with water to obtain juice, drink as tea. The dregs of the medicine can be decocted again to take the juice warm compresses on the face. The tea drink to clear heat and dispel wind and stagnation, suitable for people with stagnant blood stasis.
3. lemon icing sugar juice: lemon juice, add the appropriate amount of rock sugar, drink. Lemon is rich in vitamin C, 100 grams of lemon juice contains up to 50 mg of vitamin C. In addition, it also contains calcium, phosphorus, iron and B vitamins. Regular consumption of lemon juice can not only whiten the skin, prevent the aging of skin blood vessels, eliminate facial pigmentation, but also has the effect of preventing arteriosclerosis.
Food therapy to combat pregnancy melasmaMothers-to-be are always worried that their fair face will be invaded by melasma after pregnancy. Some studies show that the formation of melasma is closely related to the diet during pregnancy. If the mother-to-be lacks a substance called glutathione in her diet, the tyrosinase activity in the skin will increase, and the possibility of causing melasma will increase.
We recommend several foods that are good for melasma prevention and treatment. Vitamin c-rich food top1, kiwi anti-spot index: ★★★★ kiwi is described as “fruit gold mine”. It is rich in dietary fiber, vitamin c, vitamin b, vitamin d, calcium, phosphorus, potassium and other trace elements and minerals.
The vitamin c in kiwifruit effectively inhibits the oxidation of dopaquinone in the skin, converting dark oxidized pigments into reduced light pigments, interfering with the formation of melanin, preventing pigmentation and keeping the skin fair.
Reminder: the spleen and stomach cold mother-to-be can not eat more, easy diarrhea.
top2, tomatoes anti-spot index: ★★★★★☆ tomatoes have the effect of maintaining the skin and eliminating freckles. It is rich in tomato red pigment, vitamin c is the best weapon to inhibit the formation of melanin. There is experimental evidence that regular consumption of tomatoes can effectively reduce melanin formation.
Reminder: tomatoes are cold, if eaten on an empty stomach can easily cause abdominal pain Recommended.
1, 1 cup of tomato juice with a trace of cod liver oil to drink every day, can make the mother-to-be face rosy.
2, the mother-to-be can also first clean the face, and then use tomato juice on the face, 15 to 20 minutes and then wash with water. The treatment of melasma has a very good effect.
top3 lemon anti-spot index: ★★★★★☆ lemon is also anti-spot beauty fruit. The citric acid contained in the lemon can effectively prevent skin pigmentation. Use the bath made of lemon can make the skin moist and smooth.
Reminder: lemon is extremely acidic, eating too much will damage your teeth.
top4 all kinds of fresh vegetables anti-spot index: ★★★★ all kinds of fresh vegetables are rich in vitamin c, with fading pigment role. Its representatives are: tomatoes, potatoes, cabbage, cauliflower; melon, loofah, the mother-to-be should also enjoy more, they also have extraordinary whitening effect.
Reminder.
In addition, these foods, such as soy products and animal liver, have certain auxiliary effects on eliminating melasma.
Foods rich in vitamin e top5 soybean anti-spot index: ★★★★ soybean is rich in vitamin e can destroy the chemical activity of free radicals, not only can inhibit skin aging, and can prevent pigmentation on the skin.
Recommended: soybean sweet soup.
Wash and soak 100g of soybeans, mung beans and adzuki beans, mix and pound the juice, add the right amount of water and boil it, season with sugar and make it into a drink. 3 times a day is very effective in eliminating chloasma.
top6 milk anti-spot index: ★★★★ milk has the effect of improving skin cell activity, delaying skin aging, enhancing skin tone, stimulating skin metabolism, keeping skin moist and tender.
Recommended.
Peach kernel milk sesame paste.
Walnuts 30 grams, milk 300 ml, soy milk 200 ml, black sesame 20 grams. Put the walnuts and black sesame seeds into a small mill, mix with milk and soy milk, put them into a pot and boil, then add sugar and eat 1 small bowl each morning and evening.