Diagnosis Kidney cancer symptoms are variable and can also be asymptomatic. At present, many kidney cancers do not have any symptoms, but are found during routine physical examination and ultrasound, which is called incidental cancer. The diagnosis of kidney cancer is mainly based on ultrasound and CT showing substantial occupying lesions in the kidney, because most of the substantial occupying lesions in the kidney are kidney cancer. There are two kinds of staging methods commonly used for kidney cancer: 1. TNM staging method (more commonly used and more accurate to delineate the scope of tumor invasion): Tumor (T): T0, no evidence of primary tumor. T1, small tumor, unchanged morphology of the affected kidney, confined within the renal peritoneum T1a, tumor diameter less than 4cm; T1b, tumor diameter greater than 4cm, less than 7cm T2, tumor 7cm, confined within the renal peritoneum T3, tumor confined within the perirenal fascia but has extended to the major veins or invaded the adrenal glands or perirenal tissues. T3a, The tumor invaded the adrenal gland or perinephric tissues and did not extend beyond the perinephric fascia. T3b, the tumor is visible to the naked eye invading the renal vein or inferior vena cava under the diaphragm. T3c, The tumor invaded the inferior vena cava of the diaphragm as seen by the naked eye. T4, The tumor broke through the perirenal fascia adjacent to the organs. Lymph nodes (N): NX, the presence or absence of lymph node metastasis is uncertain. N0, no metastasis in lymph nodes. N1, ipsilateral single lymph node invasion. N2, Multiple regional lymph node invasion. Distant metastasis (M): MX, distant metastasis cannot be estimated. M0, No evidence of distant metastasis. M1, distant metastasis is present. 2.Robson staging method (commonly used and simpler): I. Tumor is confined to the renal parenchyma and confined to the renal peritoneum (T17cm N0 M0). Ⅱ. The lesion breaks through the perirenal membrane and enters the perirenal fat capsule, but the tumor is still confined within Gerata’s fascia (including the adrenal gland). (T3a N0 M0). IIIA, Tumor invades the renal vein or inferior vena cava (T3b N0 M0). IIIB, Regional lymph node involvement (T1-3 N1 M0). IIIC, tumor involves renal vein, inferior vena cava and lymph nodes at the same time (T3b N1-3 M0). ⅣA, tumor invades adjacent organs other than adrenal glands, such as colon and pancreas. (T1-4 N0-3 M0). ⅣB, distant metastasis of tumor (T1-4 N0-3 M1). Differential diagnosis 1, renal cyst: mainly rely on ultrasound to differentiate from renal cancer; 2, malignant tumor: local strong echogenic light mass on ultrasound, CT shows negative CT value of the mass; 3, other: such as paraglobular cell tumor, inflammatory mass, etc.