Lung cancer is the most common malignancy in the world today. Among men, lung cancer has the highest incidence rate of all malignant tumors, and among women, it is second only to breast cancer, and is currently the leading cause of cancer death in the world. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for more than 85% of the total number of lung cancer cases, and due to the lack of obvious clinical symptoms in the early stage, patients are often in the progressive stage when diagnosed, losing the best time for surgery, and the overall surgical resection rate is only about 25%. For these reasons, the five-year survival rate of patients with non-small cell lung cancer is less than 20%. At present, the efficacy of chemotherapy has reached a bottleneck, and the adverse effects of chemotherapy also limit its application, so it is urgent to find new treatment methods, and the emergence of targeted drugs brings new hope. Targeted therapy has become one of the most popular and promising treatments because of its reliable efficacy and mild toxicity and adverse effects. The main molecular targeted drugs currently used in clinical practice are epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI) and anti-tumor angiogenesis drugs. In recent years, many new tumor molecular targets have been discovered, and mesenchymal lymphoma kinase (ALK) is one of the more important ones. 1. Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI): the representative drugs are erlotinib (Troche), gefitinib (ERSA), and exatinib (Kemena). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, metastasis, apoptosis inhibition and angiogenesis, and plays an important role in tumorigenesis and development. Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene are more prevalent in lung adenocarcinoma, Asian and nonsmoking patients. Several phase III clinical trials have shown that for patients with positive EGFR mutations, the EGFR-TKI treatment group has longer progression-free survival (tumor essentially does not progress during this time), fewer side effects, and higher quality of survival relative to the standard chemotherapy treatment group. And patients who had used both EGFR-TKI and chemotherapy had nearly two years longer survival than those who had been treated with chemotherapy only. Therefore, EGFR mutation screening should be routinely performed in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer, especially in patients with adenocarcinoma, non-smokers or those who have quit smoking. If the EGFR gene mutation is positive, treatment with EGFR-TKI should be performed immediately. There are three EGFR-TKIs available clinically: erlotinib, gefitinib, and erlotinib. Among them, erlotinib and gefitinib are imported drugs and erlotinib is a domestic drug. From the available clinical data, erlotinib (troche) has more serious side effects than other drugs. Therefore, the efficacy of the three tki drugs is similar, and the side effects of ectetinib are less. 2. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors: The representative drugs are bevacizumab (Anvitin) and recombinant human vascular endothelial inhibitor (Endo). VEGF can promote tumor angiogenesis and indirectly promote tumor metastasis, and the increased level in adenocarcinoma is significantly higher than that in squamous carcinoma. The results of several clinical trials have shown that VEGF inhibitors combined with chemotherapy can improve progression-free survival, overall survival and have a better safety profile than chemotherapy applied alone. 3, mesenchymal lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors: representative drugs include crizotinib. ECLA-ALK fusion gene is the main type of ALK gene mutation, and the positive rate of ECLA-ALK fusion gene is higher in young, non-smoking and EGFR and K-ras non-mutated lung adenocarcinoma patients. Clinical trials have demonstrated that the application of crizotinib prolongs progression-free survival and improves overall efficiency compared with chemotherapy. A variety of novel molecularly targeted agents have been developed in recent years that are closely related to non-small cell lung cancer. Therefore, we will continue to see more progress in targeted therapies in NSCLC in the future, and we hope to find genetic targets for small cell lung cancer treatment soon.