Children with spastic cerebral palsy commonly present with backward motor development, abnormal muscle tone and posture, reduced active movement and abnormal reflexes. Clinical symptoms are characterized by increased muscle tone: when the limbs are passively flexed and extended, there is a “folding knife”-like manifestation. The range of motion of the joints is reduced, with movement disorders and postural abnormalities. The upper limbs show palmar flexion of the wrist joint, clenched fist, inward retraction of the thumb, flexion of the finger joints, pronation of the forearm, flexion of the elbow joint, inward retraction of the shoulder joint. Lower limbs show “ballet foot”, toes on the ground, knee flexion or hyperextension, hip flexion, adduction, internal rotation, thigh adduction, walking toes on the ground, showing “scissors gait”. The child has underdeveloped visual function and strabismus. In addition, there may be different degrees of intellectual backwardness, timidity, fearfulness and introversion. Clinical signs include cone-bundle signs: hyperreflexia, increased periosteal reflexes, and positive ankle clonus. Cranial MR showed ischemic and hypoxic changes in the white matter of the brain. Spastic cerebral palsy should be considered when the child presents with backward motor development, abnormal muscle tone and posture, decreased active movements, abnormal reflexes, which do not progressively worsen, and a history of prematurity, obstructed labor, and ischemia and hypoxia at birth. Cranial MR shows ischemic and hypoxic changes in the white matter of the brain. The treatment of spastic cerebral palsy is a comprehensive treatment process that requires surgery combined with rehabilitation. In terms of treatment steps, the first step is to relieve spasticity surgically, followed by correction of deformity and rehabilitation. Treatment in one area alone is not effective, and tendon lengthening should not be performed too early in a child’s development. Currently, electrophysiologically monitored selective posterior spinal nerve root dissection (SPR or SDR) is the method of choice for spasticity relief. This procedure involves intraoperative monitoring through multilead electrophysiologic techniques, which guides the surgery with relative precision; it improves surgical outcomes and minimizes risk. Surgery relieves limb spasticity with the aim of laying the foundation for future rehabilitation; postoperative rehabilitation is the guarantee of efficacy. Rehabilitation can be started in the early postoperative period, and passive movement of both lower limbs can be started under the guidance of medical personnel. Postoperative rehabilitation should continue throughout the patient’s life in order to maximize the therapeutic effect.