The medical term for what we usually refer to as an enlarged prostate in the elderly is “benign prostatic hyperplasia” (BPH). This is the most common type of benign prostatic hyperplasia that causes urinary disorders in middle-aged and older men. The main manifestations are histological enlargement of the interstitial and glandular components of the prostate, anatomical enlargement of the prostate, clinical symptoms dominated by lower urinary tract symptoms, and urodynamic obstruction of the bladder outlet. Patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia may undergo the following tests after routine physical examination (including rectal examination): routine urine, serum PSA, ultrasonography to examine the size of the prostate and measure residual urine, and urine flow rate testing. In special cases, such as when prostate cancer is suspected, tests such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be chosen. Treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: 1. Watchful waiting Not all patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia need to be treated, some patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia only need to be watched and waited for, the method is a non-drug, non-surgical treatment measure that includes patient education, lifestyle guidance, and follow-up visits. 2, drug therapy The short-term goal is to relieve the patient’s lower urinary tract symptoms, and the long-term goal is to delay the clinical progression of the disease and prevent comorbidities. It includes a-blockers, 5-a reductase inhibitors, etc. 3, surgical treatment Including intracavitary surgery and traditional open surgery, the current gold standard recognized worldwide is transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). The main reason for this is the fact that it is a good idea to use saline as an intraoperative irrigation solution, so there is less intraoperative bleeding and the occurrence of transurethral resection syndrome (TURS) is significantly reduced. All treatments for BPH should be followed up. The purpose of follow-up is to assess the efficacy, identify side effects or complications associated with treatment at an early stage, and suggest solutions.