Prostatic hyperplasia is a clinically progressive disease, and some patients will eventually require surgical and minimally invasive treatment to relieve lower urinary tract symptoms and their impact on quality of life and complications. Surgery and minimally invasive treatment is an option for patients with prostate enlargement who have moderate-to-severe dysuria and whose quality of life has been significantly compromised, especially if medication has not been effective or is refused. Surgery and minimally invasive treatment are recommended when prostatic hyperplasia leads to the following complications: ① recurrent urinary retention (inability to urinate after at least one extubation or two urinary retentions); ② recurrent hematuria with ineffective medication; ③ recurrent urinary infections; ④ bladder stones; and ⑤ secondary upper urinary tract fluid retention (with or without renal impairment). Classical surgical methods include transurethral resection of the prostate and open prostatectomy. At present, transurethral electrolysis of the prostate is still one of the most common surgical procedures, and open surgery is rarely performed anymore. However, in recent years, some new surgical methods, such as transurethral plasma bipolar prostatectomy and laser vaporization excision of the prostate, have replaced transurethral prostatectomy in many places because they maintain good surgical results while reducing surgical risks and providing patients with faster postoperative recovery. Since transurethral resection of prostate was introduced into China in the early 1980s, Tongji Hospital is the first unit to carry out this kind of surgery in China, especially in the central and southern regions. Although this surgical method has the advantages of minimally invasive and relatively less bleeding compared with traditional open surgery, there is still the risk of intraoperative water intoxication, and this surgical method has greater systemic interference compared with transurethral plasma bipolar electrocision of the prostate and laser vaporization resection of the prostate, and elderly patients with coagulation mechanism disorders and cardiopulmonary diseases have poor tolerance to the surgery, with a relatively high risk of postoperative secondary hemorrhage. The risk of postoperative secondary hemorrhage is relatively high. Urethral prostate plasma bipolar electrolysis in the operation in saline, the impact on the blood system is relatively small, but the possibility of other complications of ordinary electrolysis surgery are basically there. In the last three years we have carried out various transurethral laser surgeries in Tongji Hospital Hospital. Laser has good coagulation and hemostasis effect and non-conductive properties, so in the past ten years or so, transurethral laser surgery has become an important treatment for prostate hyperplasia. Prostate laser surgery is through the laser vaporization, cutting and removal of tissue (such as transurethral laser prostate enucleation, transurethral prostate laser vaporization), to achieve the purpose of lifting the obstruction. Currently, lasers used in the treatment of prostate hyperplasia mainly include Ho:YAG laser (holmium laser), KTP laser (green laser), 1470nm new semiconductor laser and 2μm laser (thulium laser). The common features of laser surgery are relatively little or even no intraoperative bleeding, no need for urethral traction or bladder irrigation after surgery, early removal of catheter after surgery, fast recovery, etc., and no risk of water intoxication, which is especially suitable for patients with high-risk factors (such as old age, anemia, and reduced function of important organs, etc.). The principle of action of various lasers and their excitation wavelengths are different, so they have their own tissue action characteristics and different surgical effects. Tongji Hospital Urology Department has all these types of laser equipment, which can be reasonably adopted according to the actual situation of the patient. There are also some rare minimally invasive treatments, such as transurethral microwave thermotherapy, transurethral needle ablation, prostate stenting, transurethral prostate balloon dilatation, etc., which can only be used for a very small number of patients who cannot tolerate surgery, and their efficacy or reasonableness of the surgery is still uncertain. For patients who cannot tolerate surgery and have inability to actively urinate, sexual lifelong cystostomy treatment can be considered. In conclusion, prostatic hyperplasia is a common and frequent disease, and the choice of its treatment is mainly based on the patient’s urinary symptoms, as well as the adverse complications due to abnormal urinary function, but the specific means of treatment toward a more minimally invasive and safer direction.