The Year of the Dragon is here, and too many Dragon Princes and Little Dragon Girls have brought joy to our families. But we should not neglect to take care of our great moms in the midst of all the fun. Here we will talk about the health care of breasts, the source of life for our children —-. First of all, let’s learn about the secretion of breast milk. Generally 2~3 days after delivery to start lactation, 7 days after delivery of the milk secreted within the milk called colostrum, because it contains B carotene so yellow, high protein content, containing fat and lactose less, especially the secretion of IgA is the earliest after the birth of the baby to obtain oral immunity antibodies; 7~14 days of secretion of the milk is called the transition milk, the amount of protein in the milk is gradually decreasing, fat and lactose gradual increase; 14 days after delivery of secretion of milk for mature milk, an average of 14 days per day. Breastmilk is the best natural food and drink for infants, which can fully satisfy all the nutrients needed for the growth and development of infants from birth to 4~6 months. The quality and quantity of breastmilk can change according to the needs of infants’ age and months, and it is not necessary to add any food and water, which is the exclusive breastfeeding advocated by the International Health Organization. Breastmilk contains a variety of immune substances, which can enhance the baby’s ability to fight diseases, especially colostrum has the highest content. Breastmilk contains amino acids needed for the development of the baby’s brain, and the mother’s voice, odor and skin contact can stimulate the baby’s brain and promote the baby’s early intellectual development. Breast milk is also conducive to the development of baby’s teeth and bones, can reduce the incidence of allergies, promote the discharge of meconium, reduce jaundice. Second, how to pay attention to breastfeeding breast hygiene (1) the preparation of breastfeeding ① wash your hands first, and then take a loose and comfortable sitting or horizontal feeding position. ② Use a hot towel to apply a warm compress to the breast and nipple for 3-5 minutes, and then gently massage the breast to stimulate the lactation reflex. ③Squeeze out a small amount of milk to soften the areola, and then twist the nipple to cause the breast reflex, so that the baby can easily suckle. ④Clean the nipple and areola with lukewarm water, and do not rub the nipple with soap or alcohol, so as not to cause dry skin and cracked nipple. (2) Precautions during breastfeeding: the infant should be allowed to suckle the nipple and most of the areola. If the latch is incorrect and the mother feels pain in the nipple, she can re-latch it to avoid nipple cracking. (3) Precautions at the end of breastfeeding: don’t forcefully pull out the nipple, because pulling out the nipple under negative pressure in the oral cavity is easy to cause nipple pain or skin lesions, and let the baby open the mouth naturally. Each breastfeeding should be carried out alternately on both breasts, sucking one side and then sucking the other side. If there is too much milk and the baby can not finish sucking, the remaining milk should be squeezed out or sucked out with a milk pump to promote milk secretion and prevent the blockage of milk ducts and unequal sizes of both breasts. (4) during breastfeeding precautions: ① do not let the baby use rubber nipples and bottles, so as to avoid nipple illusion; ② mother should wear a cotton bra to support the role of breasts and promote blood circulation in the breasts; ③ mother and baby synchronized sleep, to ensure adequate rest, nutrition and a happy mood, the side of the breast lying down should not be made to the pressure, so as not to cause lactation ducts blocked; ④ attention to the baby’s oral hygiene, to prevent oral infections (4) Pay attention to the oral hygiene of infants to prevent oral infection, and change the bad habit of infants sleeping with the nipple in their mouths. Third, what is the time and correct posture of breastfeeding? In the first few days after delivery, because the mother’s fatigue has not been fully recovered, little or late milk, newborn weight loss is a normal physiological phenomenon, insist on early contact (mother and baby skin contact) within 30 minutes after birth, early and frequent sucking, the implementation of the mother and baby in the same room, all contribute to the early lactation, so that the baby gets colostrum with high nutritional and immune value, and promote the expulsion of meconium. The mother’s anxiety and nervousness will affect the reflex of lactation. On the contrary, the mother’s pleasurable embracing and caressing of the baby, through skin-to-skin contact, especially sucking on the nipple, will promote lactation. (1) Breastfeeding time and frequency: feed every 1-3 hours within 1 day after birth. 2-7 days after birth is an important process of lactation of the mother, the number of breastfeeding should be more frequent, after breastfeeding, usually every 24 hours to feed 8-12 times. According to physiological requirements, breastfeeding is a two-for-one feeding measure. Breastfeeding when the baby is hungry, breastfeeding when the mother’s breasts are full, if the baby sleeps for a long time, when the mother’s milk is distended, the baby should be awakened to breastfeed without any time limit. (2) Duration of breastfeeding: Depending on the infant’s needs, let the infant fully suckle one breast before suckling the other. If the infant’s appetite is small or the amount of breastmilk is too much, you can let the infant suckle one side, and the other side can be squeezed out or sucked out with a breast pump if it is not finished. When suckling effectively, 80% of the milk volume can be obtained in the first 4 minutes, and almost 100% in 10 minutes. Mothers and babies also have individual differences, but breastfeeding for too long or too short a period of time should be closely observed and problems corrected in a timely manner. (3) Maintain the correct breastfeeding position: it is favorable to the baby’s full breastfeeding and breast emptying. Mothers can breastfeed in the horizontal position (side or back) or in the sitting position. Whichever position, the mother should first be comfortable and loose, the baby’s mouth and jaw close to the breast, the body close to the mother, and correctly contain the nipple and most of the areola, so that the baby can fully squeeze the milk sinus under the areola when sucking, so that the milk can be discharged, and can stimulate the sensory nerve endings on the nipple to promote lactation and lactation reflex. Place your thumb and the rest of your fingers on the upper and lower part of the breast, and hold up the whole breast for feeding. If the milk flow is too rapid, you can press the milk tube, so as not to choke the baby, but also to prevent the breast from blocking the baby’s nostrils, resulting in suffocation. (4). Weaning time Breastfeeding has many advantages, does not mean that the longer the breastfeeding time the better. It is generally believed that breastfeeding time to 10-12 months is appropriate, the longer the question, not only breast milk nutrients can not meet the physiological needs of infants, but also lead to the mother’s reproductive organs atrophy. Weaning method to natural weaning is appropriate, that is, gradually reduce the number of breastfeeding, shorten the duration of each breastfeeding, at the same time, the mother less into the soup food, so that the milk gradually reduced and weaning. (5). Prevention and treatment of cracked nipples Due to the baby sucking incorrectly, breastfeeding mothers fail to grasp the correct feeding skills, excessive use of soap and alcohol on the nipple such as drying agent repeatedly stimulate scrubbing, as well as the baby oral motor dysfunction, nipple sleep or breastfeeding mothers forced to pull out the nipple, etc., can cause nipple skin damage, cracked nipples, areolaitis and even mastitis. Prevention and treatment methods are as follows: (1) In addition to paying attention to nipple health care during breastfeeding, breastfeeding should be carried out on the side of the breast where the damage is light first, so as to alleviate the sucking force on the other side of the breast. (2) Change the position of holding the baby alternately, such as lying down once and sitting down the other time, so that the sucking force is dispersed around the nipple and areola. (3) Breastfeed frequently, do not wait until the breast is overfilled. (4) Pay attention to the oral hygiene of the baby, if there is infection in the mouth and El lip, such as stomatitis, thrush, etc., it should be treated promptly. During this period, in order to prevent secondary infection of the mammary glands, breastfeeding can be suspended for 24 hours, hand milking or breast pumping, and then feeding the baby with a small cup or spoon, and then breastfeeding again directly after the nipple cracks have healed or the baby’s oral infection has improved. (5) After breastfeeding, if the baby still holds the nipple tightly, use the index finger to gently press the baby’s chin and gently interrupt the sucking, so that the nipple can come out naturally. (6) After breastfeeding, squeeze out a little milk and apply it on the nipple and areola, so that it is exposed briefly to dry the nipple. Because milk has antibacterial effect, and contains rich protein, can play a role in repairing the epidermis. (7) Wear cotton underwear or cotton bras, and place nipple shields if necessary to facilitate air circulation, healing of lesions, and to avoid friction pain. (8) Cracked nipple infection resulting in nipple inflammation or areolitis, you can suspend breast milk for 1-2 days, local breast milk or anti-inflammatory cream, such as Bactroban, cod liver oil ointment, etc., to apply, so that the cracked skin can be repaired. In severe cases, apply antibiotics to the whole body, and at the same time, squeeze out or suck out the milk to feed the baby with a small spoon. Fifth, how to deal with over-fullness and stagnation of breasts? When lactation starts after delivery, due to inappropriate feeding methods or infrequent breastfeeding, the breasts become overfilled, i.e. accumulation of blood, body fluids and milk in the breasts. If it is not treated in time, coupled with localized pressure, it is very easy to cause obstruction of milk ducts and secondary acute mastitis. (1) The degree of breast filling can be categorized into four levels: Level 1: Normal 2-3 days after delivery, the breast has a feeling of swelling, and the milk is easily discharged. Grade 2: Breast engorgement, the mother feels breast swelling, bulky feeling, may touch the lump, but can be emptied. Grade III: Breast stasis, severe swelling of the breasts, thickening of the skin, lack of elasticity, shiny, hot and hard epidermis, severe pain, nipples cannot be straightened, babies cannot suck on the edematous nipples, cannot suck effectively, and are susceptible to nipple cracking. Grade 4: Stagnant milk and obstruction of milk ducts, edema of breast tissues, narrowing of milk ducts, obstruction of milk discharge so that the swelling of the breasts is aggravated, and blood circulation and lymphatic return are blocked, the skin of the breasts is edematous, shiny, tense, hard, hot, sometimes purplish-blue, and even petechiae, and the nipples are swollen. At this time, the mother feels severe pain and body temperature rises, called “breast fever”, that is, acute mastitis. The latter three conditions should be treated within 24 to 48 hours, which will help reduce symptoms and prevent acute suppurative mastitis. (2) Preventive measures include the following: ①Before breastfeeding: a. Intermittent localized cold compresses within 24 hours to reduce congestion and edema, and moist hot compresses on the breasts for 3~5 minutes for more than 24 hours, followed by gentle massaging and patting and shaking of the breasts; b. Exhausting enough milk with the hand or a breast pump to soften the areola so that the baby can properly suckle the nipple and most of the areola. ② When breastfeeding: breastfeed frequently, suck effectively, and fully empty the milk ducts of each lobe to empty the milk. Breastfeeding on the blocked breast first, because hungry babies have the strongest sucking power, can help suck through the milk ducts. Massage the affected breast at the same time to help clear the blocked ducts. If the baby refuses to suckle for some reason or acute suppurative mastitis occurs, breastfeeding should be suspended, and milk should be pumped or hand-extracted until it gets better. ③After breastfeeding: support bra should be worn to prevent the enlarged breast from falling down and affecting blood circulation. At the same time, you should pay attention to rest, strengthen nutrition, if necessary, you can temporarily eat less soup food. ④Medication: you can take oral knot dispersing and breastfeeding traditional Chinese medicine or oral vitamin B6, ethylestradiol, levodopa or clomiphene and other medicines. Levodopa is a kind of neurotransmitter, which passes through the thalamus barrier and generates dopamine by the action of dopa decarboxylase in hypothalamic nerve cells, prompting an increase in the secretion of hypothalamic PIF (Prolactin Inhibitory Factor) and a decrease in the secretion of PRL (Prolactin in Pituitary Lateral), which reduces the secretion of breastmilk. Vitamin B6 can enhance the function of dopa decarboxylase and increase the dopamine content, prompting an increase in the secretion of prolactin inhibitory factor and a decrease in milk secretion. Vitamin B6, 200mg, 3 times a day, 10-12 hours after taking can reduce breast distension, more rapid than the effect of ethyl estradiol. Levodopa 500mg, taken within 6 hours has a special effect. Clomiphene 50~lOOmg per day for 5 days. Some maternal milk leakage, resulting in clothing often wet, known as overflow, such as milk discharge more than 2000ml per day, the baby suckling is not finished, but also make the milk consumption, and affect the nipple to keep dry and chapped, can be used to bandage the appropriate compression of the breasts or take vitamin B6, clomiphene or levodopa. The first thing you need to do is to get rid of it. Mastitis is an inflammation of the connective tissue in the breast, not of the milk ducts. It is often caused by cracked nipples, overfilling of the milk, and obstruction of the milk ducts during breastfeeding. When the milk does not drain well, in the case of outside bacteria entering, the bacteria easily like such a good place and will flourish in it. Bacteria that thrive start a battle with the human body, and eventually the battle provincial leads to redness of the breasts, and the remnants of the battle form a thick juice, which is a breast abscess. Therefore, as long as the cause is removed and the symptoms are treated, it can be improved. In addition, the baby’s sucking can also unclog the blocked milk ducts. Interruption of breastfeeding can delay the course of treatment or lead to complications. If the symptoms do not resolve within 36 hours or continue to worsen, the patient should be seen by a hospital surgeon.