As we know, severe bronchial tuberculosis is difficult to treat, and if combined with severe tracheal tuberculosis, it is fatal, and many young girls die of severe tracheal and bronchial tuberculosis. A young female patient in our department, due to long-term working outside, coughing, coughing up sputum, chest tightness, wheezing for half a year, in the province and abroad, a number of major hospitals for treatment without hope, the end of last year to our department to give anti-tuberculosis treatment, due to the critical condition at that time, can not be any traumatic surgery, the patient wheezing sound, can not take care of their own lives, can only be bed-ridden oxygen to maintain a fragile life. On April 22 this year, the patient was readmitted to the hospital with hope. I repeatedly asked Chen Huidong, Director of Fibrilloscopy Department, Zhan Zhihua, Director of Anesthesiology Zhou Qiang to work together to formulate a surgical plan. on the afternoon of April 29th, under general anesthesia, tracheal balloon dilatation was successfully carried out with the collaboration of many parties. the patient’s original trachea was severely narrowed, with a diameter of only 4mm, and the dilatation could be up to 8mm. The patient “woke up” feeling breathing freely, do not need oxygen, can go downstairs activities, but also for daily activities, the patient’s family thank you very much. In the past, bronchial balloon dilatation was used to treat stenosis caused by bronchial tuberculosis, and the treatment of combined tracheal tuberculosis was very difficult and the mortality rate was very high. After anti-tuberculosis and anti-infection treatment, the secretion of trachea and bronchus is reduced, and balloon dilatation can be carried out at an appropriate time to improve the survival rate and quality of survival of patients. At present, tracheal balloon dilatation for the treatment of tracheal tuberculosis has been carried out in few cases at home and abroad, which is a big step forward for the successful treatment of patients with tracheal tuberculosis.