Therapeutic countermeasures (a) rational selection of antibacterial drugs 1, as far as possible to do bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test: drug sensitivity test results is the choice of antibiotics “compass”, to prevent the abuse of antibacterial drugs, we must pay attention to the results of bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test on the clinical use of medication significance of guidance. For pathogenic bacteria with clinical significance, bacterial drug sensitivity test must be made, and narrow-spectrum antibacterial drugs should be selected according to the test results for targeted treatment. 2, empirical drug strategy: due to a considerable portion of patients can not make a pathogenic diagnosis, and many pathogenetic examination can not quickly know the results, generally should be as early as possible to empirical treatment. Empirical drug use should cover the possible emergence of drug-resistant strains, such as for the production of ultra broad-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) Gram-negative bacilli use carbapenems, β-lactamase inhibitor complex; for the production of AmpC enzyme Gram-negative bacilli use carbapenems, β-lactamase inhibitor complex, four-generation cephalosporins; for “pan-resistant” Gram-negative bacilli use carbapenems, β-lactamase inhibitor complex, four-generation cephalosporin. For “pan-resistant” A. baumannii, use polymyxin and tigecycline; for MRSA, use fluoroquinolone and vancomycin; for VanA-type VRE, use linezolid, and for VanB-type VRE, use **ranin. Wait for the results of bacterial culture and drug sensitivity, and then switch to narrow-spectrum antibiotics in a targeted manner. Considering the problem of endotoxin release: in the process of antibacterial drug treatment, with the bacterial lysis, endotoxin is released from the outer membrane of the bacterial cell wall into the blood circulation, which may aggravate endotoxemia, thus promoting a series of inflammatory reactions, resulting in a serious and extensive pathological damage to the body, so the selection of antibacterial drugs accompanied by a lower level of LPS release of the bacteriostatic process is of great clinical significance. （Rational use of antimicrobial drugs should be based on the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characteristics of antimicrobial drugs, rational arrangement of the route of administration, dosing interval, dosing concentration and dosing time of antimicrobial drugs. In addition to the half-life of antibacterial drugs, the use interval of antibacterial drugs should also take into account the presence and duration of post-antibiotic effect (PAE), which refers to the effect of continuous inhibition of bacterial growth after a brief contact between bacteria and antibiotics when the concentration of the drug decreases, is lower than the MIC, or is eliminated. In general, various antibacterial drugs have different degrees of PAE against Gram-positive cocci, but only aminoglycosides and quinolones have more satisfactory PAE against Gram-negative bacilli, carbapenems and fourth-generation cephalosporins have moderate PAE against Gram-negative bacilli, whereas penicillins, and first-, second-, and third-generation cephalosporins do not.The pharmacodynamic properties of antibacterial drugs are based on their pharmacodynamic properties, which are characterized by a high level of inhibition. Antimicrobial drugs can be categorized into concentration-dependent and time-dependent according to their pharmacodynamic properties. (C) Combination of drugs Clinical combination of antimicrobial drugs in terms of efficacy does not necessarily enhance the efficacy of the antimicrobial drugs can exist between the synergistic (1 + 12), additive (1 + 1 = 2), irrelevant (1 + 1 = 1) or antagonistic (1 + 11) phenomenon. Clinical co-administration should achieve synergistic or additive effects for the purpose of drug administration. （In addition to choosing effective antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of bacterial biofilm-associated infections, it is more important to use measures to inhibit its formation, destroy its structure and promote its disintegration. Currently, more researches include inhibiting the synthesis or promoting the degradation of extracellular polymeric matrix, inhibiting the formation of biofilm, and reducing the adhesion of bacteria to biomaterials.