The nose is located in the upper end of the upper respiratory tract, is the gateway to our respiratory tract, which itself has the function of heating, humidification, will be with the external temperature a put a contraction, coupled with the thin mucosa of the nasal cavity, rich in capillaries, it is easy to be infected by external stimuli, it is the most vulnerable to inflammation of the organ, easy to be affected by a variety of factors and cause disease. Due to the lack of attention to nasal diseases, the early stage of the disease does not cause patients to pay enough attention to the treatment is not timely and not standardized, so many patients to the clinic, the nasal disease has developed to a very serious degree, often miss the best time for treatment, resulting in the gradual aggravation of the condition. The proportion of nasal diseases is as high as 20%, the incidence rate in the population is quite high, but people’s understanding of nasal disease is not in place, many people to the point where the condition can no longer be delayed before seeking medical attention. Many rhinitis patients are very painful, sneezing, runny nose more than, some long years of the nose is not ventilated, no sense of smell, the nose has lost the basic function, become ornamental. Nasal disease may cause a variety of complications, when the physiological function of the nasal cavity is affected, there will be respiratory disorders, triggering a decrease in blood oxygen concentration, affecting the function and metabolism of other tissues and organs. When rhinitis causes headache, dizziness, memory loss, chest pain, chest tightness, mental depression and other symptoms, the clinic may be complicated by sinus infections or induce emphysema, pulmonary heart disease, asthma, and even meningitis. Most people do not know about nasal sinus malignant tumors, and nasal sinus malignant tumors appear in deeper and more hidden parts of the early symptoms are often not obvious, many patients clinically diagnosed with more advanced, thus missing the opportunity for treatment. Inside the five senses, the nose, which is located in the center of the prominent position, seems to be particularly unappreciated by the health mission. Eye Day, Dental Day, Ear Day, in recent years have been publicized in full swing, widely accepted by the public, only rarely heard of Love Nose Day. In fact, “Love Nose Day” already existed five years ago, the second Saturday in April each year is the “National Nose Day”, just that we do not pay enough attention. In view of the above, it is necessary to recognize the nose, which we have been ignoring but is particularly important, from the structure of the nose and the function of the nose, so as to draw everyone’s attention to it. First, the anatomy and physiological function of the nose (a) the anatomy of the nose The nose is part of the external nose, nasal cavity and sinus three parts. The external nose is located in the middle of the face, the back of the nasal cavity, nasal cavity above, on the back and sides of a total of four pairs of sinuses, respectively, for the maxillary sinus, sieve sinus, frontal sinus and pterygoid sinus. 1, external nose: the external nose is the most prominent part of the face, shaped like a base downward trigonometry, narrow and wide. The upper end of the front prong is located between the two orbits, and the forehead is connected, known as the root of the nose; down for the bridge of the nose; the lower end of the front prong for the tip of the nose; the bridge of the nose on both sides of the back of the nose; the tip of the nose on both sides of the semicircular bulge known as the nasal wing; triangular cone at the bottom of the bottom of the nose; the bottom of the nose by the nasal column is divided into the left and right two front nostrils. Nasal wings to the outside and cheek junction has a shallow groove called nasolabial groove. According to the form of aesthetic requirements, the nose from the root of the nose to the tip of the straight line distance, accounting for about 1/3 of the length of the face is more appropriate, the width of the nose is equivalent to 70% of the length of the nose. The external nose consists of bone support (nasal part of the frontal bone, nasal bone, maxillary frontal process) and cartilage support (lateral cartilage, large wing cartilage). Nasal bone is strong support point, easy to trauma and fracture. 2, nasal cavity: each side of the nasal cavity is divided into two parts: nasal vestibule and intrinsic nasal cavity. The part with nasal hairs is the nasal vestibule. After the nasal vestibule to the back of the nostril part of the nasal cavity, the two sides of the nasal cavity between the partition that we usually call the nasal septum, deviated septum that occurs in the septum; septum in front of the lower area is easy to bleed, that is, we usually say that easy to bleed area, children’s nosebleed the majority of occurrences in this. Each side of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity has three ladder-like structures, we call the inferior turbinate, the middle turbinate and the upper turbinate, of which the inferior turbinate is the largest, easy to be stimulated by a variety of factors and changes, the inferior turbinate is obviously enlarged can cause nasal congestion. 3, sinuses: sinuses are some air-containing cavities in the cranium around the nasal cavity, left and right pairs, a total of 4 pairs, according to the name of the cranium where it is located, known as the maxillary sinus, sieve sinus, frontal sinus and pterygoid sinus. (B) the physiological function of the nose 1, the physiology of the external nose: the external nose is located in the center of the cranial surface, its shape with the different races or ethnicity and there are some differences. The balance of the shape and profile of the external nose and its proportionate relationship with the facial structures or organs have a very important influence on the appearance of people, and the activities of the nose help to adjust the facial expression and nasal resistance. 2, the physiological function of the nasal cavity: the main respiratory function, olfactory function, in addition to resonance function, reflex function, absorption function and excretion of tears and other functions. The external air after nasal processing, only suitable for the physiological needs of the human body, otherwise easy to cause respiratory discomfort. 3, the physiological function of the sinuses: increase the mucous membrane area of the respiratory zone, enhance the function of nasal heating and humidification; four pairs of sinuses around the nasal cavity, like four pairs of speakers, the sound has a resonance effect, so that the sound becomes harmonious and pleasing to the ear, suffering from sinusitis, the sound becomes dull; sinuses for the air-containing cavities, can reduce the weight of the skull; sinus cavities can buffer the force of the collision, to protect the brain, the eyeballs and other important organs. Second, the nose often suffer from diseases respiratory diseases is one of the most common diseases, and the nose as the gateway to the respiratory tract, often bear the brunt. 1, acute rhinitis: usually called “cold and flu” is actually a viral or bacterial infection caused by acute rhinitis. 2.Allergic rhinitis: It is a chronic inflammatory reaction disease of the nasal mucosa characterized by the release of inflammatory mediators (mainly histamine) mediated by IgE in atopic individuals after exposure to allergens. The disease is characterized by frequent episodes of sneezing, excessive nasal secretions and significant nasal congestion. With the development of industry and the aggravation of environmental pollution, allergic rhinitis has a tendency to increase year by year, and according to incomplete statistics, the incidence rate is around 10% to 20%. Patients will sneeze constantly, runny nose and nasal congestion, similar to colds, ordinary patients often treat allergic rhinitis as colds. The following four typical symptoms can correctly distinguish between colds and allergic rhinitis. (1) Sneezing: colds will sneeze, but not too often; while one of the symptoms of allergic rhinitis is continuous sneezing. (2) Runny nose: Runny nose usually appears in the early stage of cold, the amount will not be a lot. Allergic rhinitis is accompanied by sneezing and a large amount of clear nasal discharge. (3) itchy nose: colds are mainly characterized by nasal congestion. Allergic rhinitis nasal cavity and throat parts will be very itchy, can not help but keep rubbing the nose with your hands. It may also be accompanied by eyes, ears, throat and other places itchy, smell loss. (4) Systemic symptoms: Colds have systemic symptoms, such as generalized weakness and muscle pain. Allergic rhinitis has no systemic symptoms. 3, rhinitis: there are many types of rhinitis, in addition to the above acute rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, there is also chronic rhinitis, chronic rhinitis is a chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa and submucosa. It is mainly characterized by swelling of the nasal mucosa and increased secretion. The course of the disease lasts for more than a few months or repeated episodes, delayed, often without a clear pathogenic microbial infection, including chronic simple rhinitis and chronic hypertrophic rhinitis. Other types of rhinitis include dry rhinitis, atrophic rhinitis, structural rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, and drug rhinitis. So for rhinitis must be clearly diagnosed, the cause and symptomatic treatment, different rhinitis treatment methods are different, if the diagnosis is wrong, improper treatment methods, not only will miss the treatment time, and even aggravate the condition, resulting in headache, dizziness, memory loss, sleep disorders; school-age children affect learning, and even evolve into another disease, bringing irreparable losses. Therefore, don’t go to the doctor if you have rhinitis. Ordinary citizens of some non-infectious rhinitis, often do not pay attention to, or even do not treat, do not know, some of the nasal disease is not properly treated, will lead to other complications, such as pharyngolaryngitis, otitis media, bronchitis, asthma and so on. 4, sinusitis: another common nasal disease called “sinusitis”, sinusitis is an inflammatory disease of the mucosa of the sinuses, more with rhinitis at the same time, so it is also known as the nose – sinusitis, the incidence rate of about 15%. It is one of the most common diseases in rhinology. According to the location of sinusitis, it is divided into single sinusitis, multiple sinusitis and total sinusitis. According to the occurrence and duration of symptoms and signs are divided into acute sinusitis, subacute sinusitis, chronic sinusitis. Patients often have symptoms such as large amounts of pus, persistent nasal congestion and headaches. The etiology of sinusitis is very complex, and the traditional view is that respiratory infections, respiratory metaplasia, and anatomical abnormalities of the nasal sinuses are the three main causative factors, and these causative factors often intersect. At the same time, pneumatic injury, trauma, gastroesophageal reflux, respiratory ciliary system disease, systemic immunological function can also be a trigger. 5, nasal tumor: whether it is allergic rhinitis or chronic rhinitis, the chance of its transformation into malignant tumor is very low. Environmental pollution and heredity are the main causes of nasal sinus malignant tumors. Due to the deeper and more hidden parts, the early symptoms are often not obvious, and many patients are in the advanced stage when they visit the doctor. The main symptom of papilloma of nasal cavity and sinus is nasal congestion, and the surface of new organisms in the nose is in the form of papilla. The papilloma is easy to recur after removal and has the possibility of cancer, so it needs to be taken seriously. Hemangioma, on the other hand, is mainly manifested by recurrent nosebleeds, sometimes with a large amount of bleeding. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma refers to malignant tumor occurring in nasopharyngeal mucosa. Early symptoms include blood in nasal aspirated snot, or blood in snot when blowing nose. Headache is a common symptom, accounting for 68%, and it can be the first or the only symptom. Early headache is not fixed and intermittent, and in the late stage, it is persistent migraine. Third, the correct treatment of nasal disease once suffering from nasal disease, should avoid two extremes: one is to think that the nasal disease for a minor problem, do not pay attention to; the second is to be anxious to seek medical advice, abuse of drugs, excessive treatment. There are many ways to treat rhinitis, how to choose is the key. Some rhinitis can be recovered with medication, but must be treated under the guidance of a specialist, do not blindly use drugs; some rhinitis must be treated by ablation or surgical methods, the current use of minimally invasive surgery and plasma cryoablation treatment. For allergic rhinitis should raise awareness, do not take it lightly, recognize the difference between allergic rhinitis and colds, avoid abusing drugs, prevent allergic rhinitis from nasal polyps, bronchial asthma, secretory otitis media, sinusitis and other complications. Pay attention to the blood in the nasal mucus and nosebleed, nosebleed has many reasons, if nosebleed or blood in the nasal mucus lasts for more than 2 weeks, you should consult a doctor in time to clarify the cause of nosebleed. Because the early symptoms of nasal cavity, sinus and nasopharyngeal tumors are so manifested. Prevention of nasal disease 1. Strengthen physical exercise to improve resistance. Avoid excessive fatigue, balanced diet, active treatment of chronic systemic diseases, such as diabetes, endocrine disorders. 3, quit smoking and alcohol, nose picking, plucking nose hair and other bad habits. 4. Ventilate the indoor environment frequently to avoid colds. 5.Actively treat acute rhinitis after its onset, so as not to develop into chronic rhinitis. 6. Actively treat oral diseases, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, otitis media and other diseases. 7, master the correct way of blowing the nose: block one side of the nostril, blow the other side, and alternate. The best way to remove nasal mucus is to gently suck it into your mouth and then spit it out onto a piece of paper. Although it is not hygienic, it is the best way to protect the nasal cavity, sinuses, and even the middle ear. 8, often use warm water, preferably warm saline nasal wash, you can also buy nasal wash, according to the instructions.