I. Indications Bronchoscopy should be considered for patients who are clinically suspected to have pulmonary or bronchial tuberculosis and have the following conditions under the premise that sputum smears and cultures are negative for several times. 1, unexplained severe paroxysmal, irritating dry cough, chest X-ray examination does not show any abnormality, can not be explained by inflammation and suspected bronchial tuberculosis, foreign body or tumor. Unexplained hemoptysis should be clear about the cause and location of bleeding. 3.Patients with suspected bronchial tuberculosis or (and) bronchial obstruction on X-ray examination, such as lower lobe tuberculosis, pulmonary atelectasis, tension cavitation and restrictive obstructive emphysema. 4.Patients with clinically suspicious bronchial fistula, such as tuberculous lymph node bronchial fistula, esophageal tracheal fistula, etc. 5.Suspected bronchopulmonary cancer needs differential diagnosis. 6.X-ray lung shadow is difficult to diagnose neither certainty nor exclusion of tuberculosis patients. Obtain various specimens under bronchoscopy, such as aspiration of tracheobronchial secretions, irrigation lavage, swabs, biopsy, brush test, blind test, etc., in order to carry out bacteriological, histological and pathological examinations. 7, Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis exclusion, to determine from which side of the lung the exclusion comes. 8.Limited selective cavitation imaging. 9.Thoracic surgery pre-surgical examination, need to clarify the site of the lesion, tracheal mucosa, in order to decide the surgical method. 10, pulmonary tuberculosis bronchial tuberculosis examination during treatment, evaluation of the efficacy of treatment, determine the prognosis and recurrence, to provide a basis for further treatment programs. Second, contraindications 1, severe hypertension, coronary heart disease and severe arrhythmia patients. 2, heart and lung function significantly reduced, severe destruction of lung function obviously hypoxia, the patient’s general condition failure. 3.Severe pulmonary infection with high fever. 4.People with obvious bleeding tendency and coagulation mechanism disorder. 5.Those who have hemoptysis within one week. Those who are allergic to anesthesia drugs and cannot be replaced by other drugs. 7.Aortic aneurysm compression of the esophagus, aortic aneurysm rupture risk, obvious superior vena cava obstruction, pulmonary hypertension. 8.New asthma attack, to be feasible for bronchoscopy when the asthma subsides. 9.Patients with high mental tension can not cooperate.