I. Types and causes of cerebrovascular disease Cerebrovascular disease is due to various causes of cerebrovascular dysfunction, causing related symptoms. It includes ischemic cerebrovascular disease caused by cerebrovascular obstruction and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease caused by cerebrovascular rupture. Clinical manifestations include sudden loss of consciousness, hemiparesis, hemianesthesia, speech difficulties, headache, dizziness, etc. The main causes of cerebrovascular disease are related to hypertension and cerebral atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis, as the name implies, is a hard mass that looks like a thick porridge attached to the inner wall of the artery. This plaque grows larger and larger, narrowing the blood vessels. If the plaque breaks down for some reason, the platelets in the blood will clump together and block the blood vessel. If the plaque is blocked in the cerebral vessels, stroke, hemiplegia and hemiparesis will occur, and in the heart, myocardial infarction will occur. Sometimes a small plaque is dislodged and blocked in the cerebral blood vessel, but it is washed away, and the patient may show a sudden numbness or weakness of the body, but it is completely healed in a few seconds, which is called transient ischemic attack. Some people don’t care and don’t see a doctor, but a few times in a row, they will have a big complete thrombosis. On the other hand, the structure of the arterial wall inside the brain is weaker than the wall of the blood vessels outside the brain. Long-term hypertension will destroy the small cerebral arteries and reduce the elasticity of the blood vessels, which will be prone to rupture when the blood pressure rises suddenly. Second, the causes of cerebrovascular disease in winter 1, hypertension or cerebral atherosclerosis patients with fragile blood vessels and reduced elasticity. Winter temperature changes, blood pressure fluctuations increase, sudden increase in blood pressure may lead to cerebral hemorrhage in patients with hypertension or cerebral atherosclerosis. 2, the temperature gradually decreases in winter, the human metabolism is slow, and the air is dry, so that the blood viscosity increases. 3, the sudden cold weather can induce sudden contraction of cardiovascular and cerebral vessels, which can easily lead to vascular obstruction. Third, the prevention of cerebrovascular disease in winter 1, avoid large fluctuations in blood pressure actively control blood pressure, blood pressure fluctuations in hypertensive patients try to take long-acting antihypertensive drugs, elderly patients may need more than 2 antihypertensive drugs in combination to control blood pressure. The elderly adjust their mindset, keep a happy mood, 2, pay attention to warmth, appropriate exercise blood vessels, especially the coronary arteries in winter when the cold is easy to contract, spasm, the occurrence of insufficient blood supply, and may lead to embolism, to pay close attention to warmth. In addition to the elderly should add and remove clothing according to the temperature change in time to avoid getting cold, and should pay more attention to keep warm when getting up at night. Older people should not exercise too much, according to their ability, can carry out brisk walking, jogging, stretching and other appropriate exercises. Daily morning exercise should be arranged after the sun comes out, when the temperature will rise, so as to avoid cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents induced by cold air stimulation to make the blood vessels suddenly contract. 3, drink the right amount of water to reduce blood viscosity winter is a relatively dry season of the year, coupled with winter heating, the air humidity in the room is not enough, limiting the water will make the blood water is more inadequate, increasing the chance of stroke. In addition, the body’s blood flow is slow at night, so the elderly should not be excessively limited water at night, before going to bed can drink a glass of warm water. 4.Rational diet There are more meat foods on the winter table, such as shabu-shabu and roast meat, which can easily increase blood lipids in a short period of time and increase the viscosity of blood, which can induce acute cerebral infarction. 5, pay attention to the basic prevention of cerebrovascular disease (1) to actively treat risk factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, etc., and take the corresponding drugs regularly according to medical advice. After these risk factors are well controlled, the occurrence of cerebrovascular disease will be significantly reduced. (2) Patients with cerebral infarction and transient ischemic attack should take aspirin, an anti-platelet drug, for a long period of time, which is by far the most effective and economical drug for preventing atherosclerosis and thrombosis. If ultrasound indicates atherosclerotic plaque and arterial stenosis in the neck, additional statins should be taken to stabilize the plaque and prevent its rupture and continued growth. Severe stenosis may also require surgery or stenting. (3) Patients with cerebral hemorrhage should actively control blood pressure. (4) At present, the common view on alcohol consumption is that alcohol abuse is definitely harmful, but a small amount of alcohol has some benefits, as it has the effect of dilating blood vessels and increasing high-density lipoprotein. Therefore, alcohol can be consumed in small amounts, but not more than 100 grams per day. Cigarettes are best not to smoke. (5) When recurrent vertigo, tinnitus, deafness, unstable walking, slurred speech or numbness of hands and shoulders appear suddenly, it indicates the precursor of thrombosis or thrombosis has already formed, so you should consult a doctor in time to avoid missing the best time for treatment. (6) Nowadays, the so-called blood dilution is to dilute the blood every year, and it is not based on any scientific basis.