We can see on TV: a newborn baby deer will stand and run, a newborn baby kangaroo will crawl into its mother’s nursery bag by itself, and even a newborn monkey, which is a primate with us, will cling to its mother by itself. Why are we born with nothing to do but eat and cry, but eventually become the primate of all things? Why are we smarter than other animals? Why are we more dexterous than other animals and can do all kinds of complex work? The main reason is that human beings have a well-developed brain, and many of its higher functions are developed after birth. The most typical is the development of the double frontal: newborns and small infants have not yet fully developed frontal lobes, so nothing can be done, at this time the double frontal subarachnoid space is widened, some are misdiagnosed as cerebral dysplasia or subdural effusion, along with the development of frontal lobes children will interact with adults, can talk, can think, and eventually surpass all animals to become intelligent people. The same is true for the cerebellum, which is fully developed after birth. Once it matures, a human being will stand, walk, talk, and do all kinds of complex movements, so one cannot arbitrarily and easily determine that a child is brain dysplastic, and that all babies are brain dysplastic when viewed by adult brain tissue standards. In the long evolutionary process, in order to match the development of brain tissue, the human skull is designed very exquisitely, it is composed of many cranial pieces, loosely connected by fibrous tissue in the middle, because the frontal lobe continues to develop after birth, people still have fontanelle, so as to form a loose cranial cavity with the rapid growth of brain tissue, after the completion of human brain development cranial suture closure, forming a barrier to protect brain tissue, some cranial suture until 20 years old at the latest. Some sutures do not close until the age of 20 or more. The brain tissue doubles in size during the first 6 months of life, which is known as the golden period of brain tissue development, and doubles again by the age of 2. Therefore, the most important period of brain development is before the age of 2. One of the most common and important causes of brain development is premature closure of the cranial suture. Premature craniosynostosis affects 16 out of every 10,000 live births in the United States, about 4 out of 10,000 in England and France, 6 out of 10,000 in Israel, and no statistics are available for China. Premature closure of the cranial suture, also known as craniosynostosis, is caused by premature healing of the cranial gap for various reasons, thus prematurely forming a dead cavity that restricts the space for brain tissue development, resulting in cranial malformation in mild cases and brain dysplasia, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, hydrocephalus and high cranial pressure in severe cases, manifesting as various mental retardation and motor disorders, etc. Primary craniosynostosis is simply an abnormality of cranial development, while secondary craniosynostosis is one of the manifestations of many other diseases, and nearly one hundred diseases have been found to be related to it. One craniosynostosis may have mild symptoms, mainly causing abnormal skull shape and less affecting brain development, while multiple craniosynostosis is often serious and requires early treatment. Multiple pregnancies, low amniotic fluid, and intrauterine restraint of the fetal head have been reported from abroad as possible causes of postnatal craniosynostosis, as well as maternal smoking, drug use, and hyperthyroidism as possible contributing factors. The American Association for Pediatric Neurosurgery’s publication Pediatric Neurosurgery states that if sialorrhea is detected during pregnancy, surgery should be performed in the first month of life, and if sialorrhea is detected after birth, surgery should be performed at 2-3 months of age. This is mainly because once the golden period of brain development is missed, it is difficult to recover the loss. A small baby can grow 1-1.5 cm in head circumference every month for the first 6 months, for a total of 7 to 9 cm, and only 2 to 3 cm in total from 7 months to 1 year, 2 cm from 1 year to 2 years, 1 cm per year after 2 years, and less than 1 cm per year after 5 years. If a child is operated at 7 months of age, the first half of the developmental peak is missed and the ideal result is a head circumference of 2 cm by 1 year of age, while if surgery is performed at 1 year of age, the ideal head circumference will not grow more than 2 cm from the original one by 2 years of age. In addition, the actual results do not reach these results if the primary disease is not found and treated. Therefore the American Journal of Pediatric Neurosurgery emphasizes that narrow craniosynostosis should not be understood mechanically and that slowing down the growth rate of the head circumference is more relevant than closing the cranial sutures. Early indications for surgery should be the slowing and cessation of head circumference growth, the middle stage should be the loss of fontanelle reduction and cranial suture closure bulge, and the late stage should be the appearance of severe brain dysplasia manifestations, epilepsy, hydrocephalus, and cranial fingerprinting signs. In China, most of the cranial suture premature closure surgery is too late, which is mainly because there are too few real pediatric neurosurgeons in China, many people do not understand, and the related science is not done enough, which leads to the peak of brain development being missed, causing unnecessary disability aggravation in children. In older toddlers and children, the cosmetic significance of craniosynostosis surgery may be more obvious than promoting brain development because the peak of brain development has passed. There are many secondary causes of craniosynostosis, such as rickets, anti-vitamin D rickets, hypophosphatemia, hyperthyroidism, sickle cell anemia, true erythropoietic anemia, dyscrasia, congenital hemolytic jaundice, etc. Some drugs can also cause craniosynostosis, such as methotrexate, aminopterin, valproic acid, phenytoin, vitamin A acid, and some metabolic diseases. Therefore, children with craniosynostosis must first be operated on to resolve the narrow cranial cavity, and then the primary cause must be identified and treated as aggressively as possible to clear the obstacle to brain development. Not all craniosynostosis requires surgery, some simple craniosynostosis, such as herringbone suture, does not necessarily require surgery, while sagittal suture closure can cause the anterior-posterior diameter of the head to grow, but we look at the European and American head is the anterior-posterior diameter is long, so as long as it does not affect brain development, simple skull shape abnormalities whether surgery, according to the severity of the deformity and the patient’s family requirements, because the main purpose of surgery is cosmetic. And as long as it affects brain development such as complex cranial suture premature closure and frontal suture premature closure, it should be operated, which is an absolute indication for surgery, and it should be detected, diagnosed and treated early.