Newborns are born with anterior and posterior fontanelles, which are located at the top of the head and the back of the occipital area, respectively. These two areas are covered only by the scalp and no bone. Normally, the anterior fontanelle is about 1.5 x 2 cm2 in size and is flat or slightly concave in appearance. During the first few months of life, the fontanelle increases slightly as the head circumference gradually increases, and after 6 months, it gradually becomes smaller due to the gradual ossification of the skull. The fontanelle closes between the ages of 1 and 1.5 years. The posterior fontanelle is smaller and closes at 2-3 months after birth. In addition, there are normal sutures between the bones of the newborn’s skull, including the frontal suture, bilateral coronal suture, sagittal suture, and bilateral herringbone suture. The frontal suture usually ossifies and fuses 2 years after birth, while the coronal suture does not fully fuse until 24 years of age. The linkage of the sutures allows the adjacent bone plates to move with each other, and the symmetrical forces from intracranial brain tissue growth give the skull its typical round shape. Primary craniosynostosis, also known as craniosynostosis or craniosynostosis, is a congenital developmental disorder of the skull of unknown etiology, with an incidence of about 5-6/10,000, due to premature closure of the cranial suture during growth and development, resulting in a bony cranial cavity too small to accommodate normal brain development, which can manifest as brain tissue compression, seizures, increased intracranial pressure, growth retardation, low intelligence, mental activity The symptoms may include brain tissue compression, seizures, increased intracranial pressure, developmental delay, low intelligence, and abnormal mental activity. Clinical manifestations: Children are most often seen by their families who find cranial anomalies. Other common symptoms include: epilepsy, mental retardation, developmental delay, headache, vomiting, and facial deformities. Auxiliary examinations include: cranial X-ray plain film, cranial CT, especially 3D reconstructed cranial CT, which can clearly show the prematurely closed cranial suture, as well as observe the development of the patient’s brain tissue. Treatment: Surgery is preferred. Surgical methods include cranial release and cranial reconstruction. The earlier the surgery is performed, the more satisfactory the surgical result will be. For example, patients with premature closure of the sagittal suture can be operated at 2 months after birth, and the scope of resection includes removing a 5-cm wide bone fragment from the coronal suture to the herringbone suture along the middle of the bony bulge of the sagittal suture, and removing the periosteum. To ensure the surgical outcome, bilateral coronal and herringbone suture dissection and bilateral wedge osteotomy should also be performed. Intraoperatively, the patient should avoid massive blood loss. Treatment results and prognosis: With the development of surgical techniques, the prognosis of premature closure of cranial suture is mostly satisfactory, but many complex multiple suture closures require the cooperation of neurosurgery and plastic surgery, and sometimes secondary surgery is inevitable, so long-term follow-up is necessary. Secondary premature closure of the cranial suture: usually total suture closure, the causes are mostly seen in metabolic disorders such as vitamin D deficiency, hyperthyroidism, erythrocytosis and medically induced ventriculo-abdominal overshunt. Surgical treatment is also necessary if significant deformities are present.