1.Overview Premature closure of the cranial suture, also known as “craniosynostosis”, refers to the premature closure of one or more cranial sutures or congenital absence of cranial sutures in infants. The absence of cranial sutures during cranial development can cause progressive cranial deformity and neurological impairment. The cranial deformities that result from different suture closures vary, and the term “craniosynostosis” alone no longer provides an overview of all cases of craniosynostosis. The surgical treatment of craniosynostosis has evolved from simple cranial suture reconstruction to complex cranial reconstruction according to different conditions. 2. Epidemiology Craniosynostosis can occur alone, as part of a syndrome, or as a complication of other diseases. Non-syndromic premature closure of the cranial suture is a fairly common occurrence, with an incidence of about 1/2100 infants in foreign countries. Premature closure of the cranial suture is most common in the sagittal suture, accounting for 40%-60%; the second most common is the coronal suture, accounting for 20%-30%, with unilateral coronal suture prematurity being twice as common as bilateral coronal suture prematurity; the incidence of frontal suture prematurity is less than 10%; true herringbone suture prematurity is rare; prematurity involving two or more cranial sutures accounts for 4%-8% of non-syndromic cranial suture prematurity.